{"id":217902,"date":"2019-09-24T11:39:38","date_gmt":"2019-09-24T10:39:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/?p=217902"},"modified":"2023-02-15T14:43:49","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T13:43:49","slug":"iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/","title":{"rendered":"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_228845\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-228845\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-228845\" title=\"Novemper-protests-martyrs-01112020\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Novemper-protests-martyrs-01112020.jpg\" alt=\"Over 1,500 were Killed in the Iranian People\u2019s Nationwide Uprising in November 2019\" width=\"1000\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Novemper-protests-martyrs-01112020.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Novemper-protests-martyrs-01112020-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Novemper-protests-martyrs-01112020-768x483.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Novemper-protests-martyrs-01112020-696x438.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-228845\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over 1,500 were Killed in the Iranian People\u2019s Nationwide Uprising in November 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table of content:<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. <a href=\"#Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. <a href=\"#DeathPenalty\">Death Penalty<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. <a href=\"#Massacre1988\">1988 PRISON MASSACRE, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. <a href=\"#TORTURE\">TORTURE, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING PUNISHMENTTORTURE, ILL-TREATMENT<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5. <a href=\"#FREEDOMS_EXPRESSION\">FREEDOMS OF EXPRESSION, ASSOCIATION AND ASSEMBLY<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>6. <a href=\"#Media\">OPPRESSION OF MEDIA<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>7. <a href=\"#Religion\">FREEDOM OF RELIGION<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>8. <a href=\"#Women\">WOMEN<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>9. <a href=\"#Minorities\">ETHNIC MINORITIES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"Introduction\"><\/a>Introduction<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Iranian regime is a theocratic state based on the velayat-e faqih (absolute clerical rule) principle. The authoritarian rulers of Iran violently clamp down on popular demands, including calls for greater personal freedoms and equality.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Freedom of assembly is effectively non-existent in Iran, and severe restrictions are commonplace when people try to voice basic, collective demands. But those efforts are accelerating anyway, as people call for overthrowing a theocratic system that does not align with their aspirations for self-governance and peaceful membership in the international community.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In December 2017, people in more than 130 cities in all of Iran&#8217;s provinces rose up against the regime in large numbers and demanded democratic change and separation of religion and state. The protestors were violently suppressed, killing dozens and thousands more, jailed, and tortured. Then, less than two years later, on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/iran-protests-2019-update\/\" rel=\"noopener\">November 2019<\/a>, even greater repression emerged in response to an even larger uprising. After residents of roughly 200 cities and towns participated in the demonstrations, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps opened fire on crowds, killing 1,500 protesters and bystanders.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Victims of Iran protests massacre\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_KR13FvCf9F8\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FKR13FvCf9F8%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KR13FvCf9F8\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT1M\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2019-12-25T15:57:32Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_KR13FvCf9F8\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FKR13FvCf9F8%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Victims of Iran protests massacre<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/KR13FvCf9F8\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FKR13FvCf9F8%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Victims of Iran protests massacre\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"More than 1,500 unarmed protesters including at least 19 children, were shot and killed on the streets during November 2019 Iran protests. The international community must end its silence and inaction. Governments and international bodies must call for an immediate end to the killings and arrests. Khamenei, who openly ordered the crackdown, Hassan Rouhani, who repeatedly declared support for the suppressive operations, Ali Shamkhani, secretary for the Supreme Security Council, and Hossein Salami, the IRGC\u2019s commander, have committed crimes against humanity. The UN Security Council must declare them perpetrators of crimes against humanity and they must face justice.\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">That crackdown and its aftermath have reaffirmed that the clerical regime remains one of the most active abusers of human rights in the world today. Every year, hundreds are executed, including dissidents. Prison conditions are horrendous, with many political prisoners deprived of proper medical attention and forced to endure long-term sentences on trumped-up charges. And women experience double oppression as the mullahs wage an ideological war on women both in the legal system and in the broader society, denying them basic rights and freedoms.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The ruling clerics actively spread propaganda and misinformation against opponents as well. The regime has taken the astonishing step of bombing religious shrines to incriminate those opponents. It has also systematically conducted extra-judicial murder, killed Christian priests, brutalized minorities, and perpetrated crimes against humanity. The Iranian regime does not accept the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and insists that its perceived abuses are actually justified by local culture, ideology, and alternative concepts like \u201cIslamic human rights.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The regime conducts a systematic war on people by violating their political, personal, legal, and human rights on a daily basis. Nearly any detail, minor or otherwise, of a typical Iranian\u2019s day-to-day life reflects in some way the denial of basic and fundamental rights and liberties relative to the rest of the developed world. A seemingly bottomless pit of transgressions exposes the inhumane treatment of Iran\u2019s people and the absence of religious, judicial, and legal freedoms.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Human rights in Iran in 2021, an Overview\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_Xa5gojlO0kc\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FXa5gojlO0kc%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Xa5gojlO0kc\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT6M45S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-02-13T14:02:03Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_Xa5gojlO0kc\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FXa5gojlO0kc%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Human rights in Iran in 2021, an Overview<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Xa5gojlO0kc\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FXa5gojlO0kc%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Human rights in Iran in 2021, an Overview\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"February 2022\u2014On December 16, 2021, the United Nations General Assembly condemned the gross and systematic violations of human rights in Iran. This was the 68th censure resolution of Iran regime\u2019s rights record by different UN agencies. While Iran is known as the country that gave birth to the human rights charter, it is now occupied by medieval clerics, the worst violators of human rights in the world today. The clerical regime\u2019s lack of transparency and censorship make it difficult to obtain information. Nevertheless, let\u2019s take a look at the human rights situation in Iran in 2021: The right to life and an alarming number of executions Executions in Iran in 2021 rose dramatically compared to 2020. According to the Iran Human Rights Monitor, at least 255 executions were carried out in Iranian prisons in 2020. Whereas in 2021, at least 364 prisoners have been executed up to December 31, 2021. The actual figure, however, is certainly much higher as the Iranian regime carries out many executions in secret. From January 1 to December 23, 2021, at least 337 prisoners were executed in Iranian prisons for various crimes. At least 13 victims were political prisoners, 4 were juveniles and 15 were women. The violent crackdown on protests In 2021, the Iranian regime brutally crushed the protests: In February 2021, the security forces shot and killed at least 40 Baluchi citizens and wounded over 100. In July 2021, the people of Khuzestan province held protests in several cities against water shortages and the regime\u2019s destructive policies. Security forces violently cracked down. In November 2021, the security forces raided the sit-ins by the farmers in Isfahan, who had set up their tents on the dry riverbed of Zayanderud. Some 100 farmers and citizens of Isfahan were wounded, and more than 300 were arrested. At least 40 were blinded due to bird shots that hit them in the eye. Systematic abuse of prisoners\u2019 rights The news of the hacking of Evin Prison\u2019s CCTV cameras and the release of videos from the prison at the end of August showed the dire prison conditions and the mistreatment of prisoners. Arbitrary killings as least 77 Iranians were killed in 2021 due to arbitrary killings. Most of these victims were deprived porters in the Kurdistan region of Iran and fuel porters in Sistan and Baluchistan. Besides, At least 107 people were injured because of border guards\u2019 indiscriminate shootings. Ethnic and Religious Minorities The regime continued and double-downed on its systematic violation of ethnic and religious minorities\u2019 rights throughout 2021. It arrested dozens of Kurdish citizens because of their cultural activities. From November 11 to 14 Intelligence Ministry agents embarked on a wave of arrests of Kurdish citizens in various cities, including Baneh, Marivan, Saqqez, and Sanandaj. These arbitrary arrests were not limited to Kurdish minority. From May 14 to 17, at least 26 citizens of Arab descent were arrested in Ahvaz and Mahshahr. The Iranian regime also arrested and handed down heavy sentences to Iran\u2019s Baha\u2019i community members. According to Iran-HRM, \u201cfollowing the announcement of the results of the 2021 national entrance exams, at least 17 Baha\u2019is were disqualified and prevented from continuing their education because of their faith.\u201d In addition to Baha\u2019is, dozens of Iranian Christian converts received heavy sentences. *** Terrified of the prospects of other major uprisings, the Iranian regime\u2019s Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, decided to close ranks. In June 2021, Khamenei selected Ebrahim Raisi, a notorious human rights abuser, as the regime\u2019s president. He also appointed Gholam-Hossein Mohseni Ejei as the Judiciary Chief. Ejei is a ruthless criminal who served as Raisi\u2019s deputy when the latter was the Judiciary Chief from 2019 to 2021. In 2020, Khamenei also appointed the ex-State Security Force Commander Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf as the Speaker of a handpicked parliament. The trio of Raisi, Ejei, and Ghalibaf, have but one goal: intensifying the atmosphere of terror and repression to stifle all forms of dissent. This new power arrangement also reflects the regime\u2019s paranoia in the face of the people\u2019s looming uprisings and the existential threat they pose to the regime\u2019s survival. Learning from the past, undeniable facts prove that the regime cannot solve its dilemmas through oppression. The mullahs can neither solve social problems nor have an intention to do so. Thus, the people of Iran\u2019s ultimate solution is to rise and overthrow of the regime, being the regime\u2019s main concern and inevitable destiny. Read More: https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IranNCR\/ https:\/\/twitter.com\/iran_policy Subscribe to NCRI weekly newsletter t.ly\/MybJ\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Practices such as public execution, gouging out eyes, and amputating limbs are horrendous in their own right. But they are made worse by the nature of the &#8220;offenses.\u201d<br \/>\nCitizens cannot express their opinions or criticize government officials; women must wear hijabs, and everyone lives in constant fear of straying from what the regime deems &#8220;appropriate&#8221; public behavior. Meanwhile, the regime takes pains to paint itself to the rest of the world as a democratic nation. However, the people of Iran and many international human rights activists know it is actually an inhumane dictatorship that must be overthrown.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This has been clear to some, like the Iranian Resistance leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/massoud-rajavi\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Massoud Rajavi<\/a>, since at least 1981. And between then and now, the regime\u2019s brutal repression has only reinforced most Iranians\u2019 eagerness to express their opinions, voice their outrage, and, above all else, facilitate democratic change within their country.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"DeathPenalty\"><\/a>DEATH PENALTY<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Iranian regime has persistently held the world record in the number of executions per capita. Since 1981, some 120.000 opponents have been executed by the ruling regime.<br \/>\nIn the summer of 1988 alone, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/20932-the-1988-massacre-in-iran\" rel=\"noopener\">30,000 political prisoners<\/a> were arbitrarily executed in a matter of months. Most of them were affiliated with the main opposition group, the People\u2019s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI-MEK), and all had received definitive jail terms that they were serving at the moment of execution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The massacre&#8217;s victims comprise more than one-sixth of the approximately 120,000 &#8220;martyrs\u201d that the MEK has identified over the past four decades. Many of these individuals have had biographical details published by the organization, but government repression has made it difficult to obtain information about the regime&#8217;s crimes. Merely researching the matter can expose Iranians to harsh punishment.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Raisi, Butcher of 1988 Massacre in Iran\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL__gyE0HgavYY\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F_gyE0HgavYY%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_gyE0HgavYY\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT3M38S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2021-06-30T18:03:24Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte__gyE0HgavYY\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F_gyE0HgavYY%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Raisi, Butcher of 1988 Massacre in Iran<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/_gyE0HgavYY\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F_gyE0HgavYY%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Raisi, Butcher of 1988 Massacre in Iran\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Raisi butcher of 1988 Massacre in Iran Ebrahim Raisi, A return to darker days or a declaration of character by the theocratic regime? On June 19, Raisi was selected as President in the aftermath of a nationwide boycott of Iran\u2019s sham elections. Who is Raisi, and what does his presidency mean for Iran and the world? Dubbed butcher of 88, Raisi was one of four members of the death commission for Evin and Gohardasht prisons near Tehran during the 1988 massacre of 30,000 political prisoners. Geoffrey Robertson: Late in July 1988 as the war with Iraq was ending, prisons in Iran that were crammed with opponents suddenly went into lockdown. All family visits were canceled, television and radios switched off. Prisoners were kept in their. The only permitted visitation was from a delegation, turbaned and bearded, a religious judge, a public prosecutor, and an intelligence chief. Before them were paraded briefly and individually, almost every prisoner, and there were thousands of them who were being jailed for adherence to the MEK. The delegation had but one question for these young men and women, and although they didn\u2019t know it, on their answer their life would depend. Those who by their answer evinced any continuing affiliation with the MEK were blindfolded and ordered to join a conga line that led straight to the gallows. They were hung from cranes 4 at a time, or in groups of 6, from ropes hanging from the front of the stage of the assembly hall, some were taken to army barracks at night and then shot by firing squad. Their bodies were doused with disinfectant, packed in refrigerator trucks and buried at night in mass graves. Months later their families, desperate for information about their children and partners, would be handed a plastic bag with their few possessions they would be refused any information about the location of the graves, and ordered never to mourn them in public. By mid-August 1988 thousands prisoners had been killed in this manner by the state, without trial, without appeal and utterly without mercy. Montazeri to Raisi, Pour-Mohammadi, Nayyeri and Eshraqi (Senior Members of 1988 Massacre Death Commission): The greatest crime committed under the Islamic Republic, for which history will condemn us, has been committed by you. Your names will in the future be etched in the annals of history as criminals.\u201d From the onset, Raisi has served as interrogator, Prosecutor, and Prosecutor General; serving as Justice Minister since March 2019. On his watch over 500 have been executed and 1500 killed at point-blank on the streets in November 2019 And now, he believes he should be \u201clauded and encouraged\u201d for his brutality It is now on the international community to take a stance The people of Iran have voiced their historic \u2018No\u2019 to the entirety of this regime Will you stand with the Iranian people? \u2022 Recognize the 1988 Massacre of 30,000 political prisoners as a crime against humanity \u2022 End impunity &amp; prosecute perpetrators \u2022 Don\u2019t negotiate with the henchmen of the Iranian people #ProsecuteRaisiNOW\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iran&#8217;s casual implementation of the death penalty is ironic, given the stringent and lengthy list of offenses that land one in jail. Of the more than 450 executions that took place from January through September 2017, many victims were alleged to be drug addicts and substance abusers. Whereas other developed countries promote substance abuse programs and state-run rehab initiatives, Iran elects to kill off its citizens whom it accuses of falling victim to drug abuse, regardless of extenuating circumstances. At the same time, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) runs a major part of the narcotics trafficking in Iran, generating huge profits that the IRGC then uses for its extraterritorial activities and terrorism.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The vast majority of Iran\u2019s executions are in contravention of internationally recognized standards, such as the presumption of innocence, access to lawyers, and trials in open court. Even among those whose death sentences are connected to charges that rise to international standards for the \u201cmost serious\u201d crimes, many are convicted and sentenced only after being forced to provide false confessions under vicious torture.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As confirmed by previous UN investigators on Iran\u2019s human rights record, many dissidents have been executed on the pretext of committing crimes such as drug trafficking. Of course, the regime has never been hesitant about executing its opponents, sometimes en masse, on security-related charges, whether they be activists of the principal opposition movement, the MEK, or dissident ethnic minorities, such as Kurds, Baluchis, or Arabs. Adherents of other faiths are not spared either. Dozens of Sunnis, Christians, Bahai\u2019s, Dervishes, and others have also been given the death penalty.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Contrary to the regime\u2019s so-called Citizen Rights Charter, Iranians do not have a right to life.<br \/>\nThe current official age at which execution is permissible is nine lunar years for a girl, and 15 lunar years for a boy. The idea of executing a 9-year-old female or 15-year-old male conflicts with every international standard and ethics code known to the free world, but according to the Iranian regime\u2019s legal code, it is justified.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Iran&amp;#039;s Regime Executes Juvenile Offender Shayan Saeedpour\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_Y_H2g9r2hNo\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FY_H2g9r2hNo%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Y_H2g9r2hNo\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT1M13S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2020-04-29T18:29:43Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_Y_H2g9r2hNo\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FY_H2g9r2hNo%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Iran&#039;s Regime Executes Juvenile Offender Shayan Saeedpour<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Y_H2g9r2hNo\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FY_H2g9r2hNo%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Iran&amp;#039;s Regime Executes Juvenile Offender Shayan Saeedpour\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Iran&#039;s Regime executes juvenile offender Shayan Saeedpour Iranian regime authorities executed Shayan Saeedpour on Tuesday April 21, in Saqqez Prison, western Iran. Saeedpour had been transferred to solitary confinement on Monday, April 20, along with six other inmates. Saeedpour was among the inmates who had escaped during a jail riot on March 27. The inmates were protesting prison conditions amid the corornavirus outbreak but was arrested by security forces. Saeedpour is the second, among the 80 inmates who escaped the prison, to be executed. On April 12, 53-year-old political prisoner Mostafa Salimi was hanged also in Saqqez prison. NCRI urges the UN, the relevant rapporteurs and international human rights organizations to condemn this heinous execution. The prisoners are at risk of contracting Coronavirus and being tortured and executed by the clerical regime on the other.\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In most cases, juvenile offenders are held in prison but are not executed until after they turn 18. This practice was no doubt implemented as part of an effort to push back against international criticism without actually halting any of the regime\u2019s abuses. Toward that same end, the judiciary has publicly announced the review of some capital cases involving juvenile offenders and other persons who have become the subjects of international appeals. But in almost every case in recent years, the death penalties have been upheld on appeal and carried out when global news coverage has died down.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The eventual implementation of these sentences is a testament to the regime\u2019s contempt for foreign \u201cinfiltration\u201d into matters such as domestic human rights. A prominent new example of this phenomenon appeared on September 12, 2020, when the Iranian judiciary hanged the activist and 27-year-old wrestling champion Navid Afkari. His case had been taken up by individuals and groups, including Amnesty International and US President Donald Trump, after it was reported that Afkari had been falsely accused of murder, then tortured into a false confession.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Afkari case is only one of many examples of this sort of coercion.<br \/>\nMaryam Rajavi, the President-elect of NCRI, responded to news of Afkari\u2019s hanging by urging the international community to exert more pressure on the regime and by declaring that \u201csilence and inaction give a green light to [the regime] and are considered as complicity in these crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0A statement from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/07\/iran-horrific-wave-of-executions-must-be-stopped\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Amnesty International<\/a>\u00a0reiterated the content of earlier reports finding that over 250 executions were carried out across Iran in just the first half of 2022. The month of July has seen substantial further increases, in line with the statement\u2019s observation that upwards of a dozen prisoners have been executed at one time as part of the ongoing spree.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Information gathered shows that since early 2022, Iran\u2019s authorities have regularly carried out mass executions. On 15 June, authorities in Raja\u2019i Shahr prison executed 12 people, which followed the mass execution of 12 people on 6 June in Zahedan prison.<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/htFDJnkgjk\">https:\/\/t.co\/htFDJnkgjk<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/SQAKPBuxps\">pic.twitter.com\/SQAKPBuxps<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Amnesty Iran (@AmnestyIran) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AmnestyIran\/status\/1552476888592814080?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 28, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>According to Iran Human Rights Monitor, at least 11 individuals were hanged on Saturday, June 23, 2022, after the preceding Wednesday and Thursday had seen a total of eight executions. The same source offered a slightly higher estimate than Amnesty International for the total number of executions in the first six months of 2022, noting that it exceeded the estimate for all of 2020. By some accounts, the month of July executions has led to the current year already exceeding Iran&#8217;s total number of executions for all of 2021, as well.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"Massacre1988\"><\/a>1988 PRISON MASSACRE, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In advocating for high-pressure strategies for dealing with Iran, the MEK contrasts such assertiveness with Western policies of \u201cappeasement\u201d that date back at least to the summer of 1988, when the Iranian regime summarily and extra-judicially executed tens of thousands of political prisoners held in jails across Iran. Activists had tried to warn international media outlets and policymakers about the massacre as it was unfolding, but they were largely rebuffed by those who feared undermining tenuous relations with the regime.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Documentary: 1988 massacre of 30,000 political prisoners in Iran and the role of Ebrahim Raisi\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_dm3U9Cugvxg\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fdm3U9Cugvxg%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dm3U9Cugvxg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT40M22S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-03-29T20:44:50Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_dm3U9Cugvxg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fdm3U9Cugvxg%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Documentary: 1988 massacre of 30,000 political prisoners in Iran and the role of Ebrahim Raisi<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dm3U9Cugvxg\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fdm3U9Cugvxg%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Documentary: 1988 massacre of 30,000 political prisoners in Iran and the role of Ebrahim Raisi\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Within months after the 1979 revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini labeled anyone challenging his rule as \u201ccorrupt\u201d and started an agenda to eliminate all political dissidents. In late July 1988, several political activists held in prisons across Iran suddenly disappeared. They were young men and women, some of whom had been arrested years ago in their teens and imprisoned simply for their political opinions and peaceful activities such as distributing opposition leaflets and attending demonstrations. Most of them were supporters of the People&#039;s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI\/MEK) Khomeini labeled the MEK as Hypocrites and decreed: If the person at any stage [of the judicial process] maintains his or her support for the MEK, the sentence is execution. Annihilate the enemies of Islam, immediately. In his decree, Khomeini ordered the formation of three-member panels, known as \u201cDeath Commissions\u201d. Each panel included a religious judge, prosecutor, and a representative from the Ministry of Intelligence. Death Commissions were formed in at least 96 cities to put an end to MEK in Iran. Khomeini\u2019s most ardent loyalists were appointed to the commission. They included current president Ebrahim Raisi, who in 1988 was Tehran\u2019s Deputy Prosecutor and ordered the execution of MEK prisoners. For months, victims\u2019 families desperately sought information about their loved ones. They heard nothing but lies from the authorities. Ultimately, they began to learn the devastating truth. Their loved ones had been secretly executed and buried in mass graves. In 2016, an audio file of a secret meeting that was held at the height of the mass killing emerged. In the recording, from August 1988, members of the Tehran Death Commission can be heard discussing the operation with Khomeini\u2019s heir apparent. Khomeini\u2019s successor Hossein Ali Montazeri can be heard criticizing members of the Death Commission including Ebrahim Raisi for carrying out the massacre. Montazeri\u2019s criticism ended with his dismissal by Khomeini as the country\u2019s next Supreme Leader. This crime against humanity has drawn international attention. In September 2020, seven UN Special Rapporteurs wrote a letter to Iranian authorities decrying the 1988 massacre. They reported that between July and September 1988, Iranian authorities forcibly disappeared and extrajudicially executed thousands of imprisoned political dissidents affiliated with political opposition groups in 32 cities in secret and discarded their bodies mostly in unmarked mass graves. In May 2021, more than 150 former UN officials and renowned international human rights and legal experts wrote to UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, calling for an international Commission of Inquiry into the 1988 massacre. But 3 decades on, the perpetrators remain in high positions of power. In July 2019, then-minister of justice and current adviser to the Chief of the Judiciary Mostafa Pourmohammadi, who was a member of the Death Commission in 1988, claimed that the elimination of the MEK must continue based on Khomeini\u2019s fatwa. The perpetrators of the 1988 massacre have never been held accountable. Today they are continuing the clampdown on dissent with impunity. That includes the arrest, torture, and execution of MEK supporters and anti-regime protesters. On June 19, 2021, one of the main perpetrators of the 1988 massacre and a member of the Tehran Death Commission, Ebrahim Raisi, was appointed as the regime\u2019s president. Amnesty International Secretary General Agnes Callamard has said that Ebrahim Raisi should be investigated for crime against humanity instead of taking up the presidency. In 2018, Amnesty International documented how Ebrahim Raisi had been a member of the \u2018death commission\u2019 which forcibly disappeared and extrajudicially executed in secret thousands of political dissidents in Evin and Gohardasht prisons near Tehran in 1988. Music in this video: All by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license: Measured Paces https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/ http:\/\/incompetech.com\/music\/royalty-free\/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100164 Loss http:\/\/incompetech.com\/music\/royalty-free\/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100171 Lone Harvest http:\/\/incompetech.com\/music\/royalty-free\/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100409 Laid Back Guitars http:\/\/incompetech.com\/music\/royalty-free\/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100181 Heartbreaking http:\/\/incompetech.com\/music\/royalty-free\/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100208 Earnest http:\/\/incompetech.com\/music\/royalty-free\/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100248 Friday Morning Source: http:\/\/incompetech.com\/music\/royalty-free\/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100224 Artist: http:\/\/incompetech.com\/ Read More: https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IranNCR\/ https:\/\/twitter.com\/iran_policy Subscribe to NCRI weekly newsletter t.ly\/MybJ\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The massacre was carried out based on a fatwa (religious decree) issued by the regime\u2019s then-Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini, probably on July 26. More than 5,000 names of those massacred have been <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/books\/24018-iran-where-mass-murderers-rule-the-1988-massacre-of-30-000-political-prisoners-and-the-continuing-atrocities\" rel=\"noopener\">published by the MEK<\/a>. The location of mass graves of those executed is known in 36 Iranian cities, but the regime continues to hide or destroy evidence. This underscores the urgency of appeals that Amnesty International and the MEK itself have issued in recent years regarding the prospect of a proper, UN-led investigation into the unpunished crime.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The regime has never formally acknowledged those executions or provided any information as to how many prisoners were killed, even though, in recent years, some of its officials have expressed \u201cpride\u201d at having carried out \u201cGod\u2019s orders\u201d against the MEK.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The majority of those executed were either serving prison sentences for their political activities or had already finished their sentences but were still kept in prison. Some of them had previously been imprisoned and released but were re-arrested and executed during the massacre. The wave of the massacre of political prisoners began in late July and continued unabated for several months. By the time it ended in the autumn of 1988, some 30,000 political prisoners were slaughtered, the overwhelming majority of them being activists of the People\u2019s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI or MEK).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In his infamous <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/iran-1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners\/iran-1988-massacre\/\" rel=\"noopener\">fatwa<\/a>, Khomeini decreed: \u201cWhoever at any stage continues to belong to the Monafeqin (the regime\u2019s derogatory term to describe the MEK) must be executed. Annihilate the enemies of Islam immediately\u2026 Those who are in prisons throughout the country and remain steadfast in their support for the MEK are waging war on God and are condemned to execution\u2026 It is naive to show mercy to those who wage war on God.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Iran: A Fatwa Which Took the Life of 30,000 Political Prisoners in 1988 Massacre\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_yeMqgOly1Fg\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FyeMqgOly1Fg%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yeMqgOly1Fg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT2M20S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2021-08-01T21:12:01Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_yeMqgOly1Fg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FyeMqgOly1Fg%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Iran: A Fatwa Which Took the Life of 30,000 Political Prisoners in 1988 Massacre<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/yeMqgOly1Fg\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FyeMqgOly1Fg%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Iran: A Fatwa Which Took the Life of 30,000 Political Prisoners in 1988 Massacre\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In a crime against humanity, the Iranian regime secretly executed over 30,000 political prisoners in 1988. This massacre was implemented following a fatwa by the regime\u2019s then-Supreme Leader, Ruhollah Khomeini. In just 231 words, Khomeini decided the fate of over 30,000 Iranian youth. The victims of this fatwa were the members and supporters of the Mujahedin-e Khalq or MEK, who Khomeini described as \u201cMonafeqin.\u201d In his fatwa, Khomeini orders the execution of all the MEK members in prisons who persisted in their beliefs. As the treacherous Monafeqin do not believe in Islam and what they say is out of deception and hypocrisy, and as their leaders have confessed that they have become renegades, and as they are waging war on God, and as they are engaging in classical warfare in the western, the northern and the southern fronts, and as they are collaborating with the Baathist Party of Iraq and spying for Saddam against our Muslim nation, and as they are tied to the World Arrogance, and in light of their cowardly blows to the Islamic Republic since its inception, it is decreed that those who are in prisons throughout the country and remain steadfast in their support for the Monafeqin [Mojahedin], are waging war on God and are condemned to execution. Khomeini\u2019s cruelty is evident in his fatwa. It is naive to show mercy to those who wage war on God. The decisive way in which Islam treats the enemies of God is among the unquestionable tenets of the Islamic regime. I hope that with your revolutionary rage and vengeance toward the enemies of Islam, you would achieve the satisfaction of the Almighty God. This decree was so unprecedented that the head of the Judicial Council, Abdulkarim Mousavi Ardebili, sought clarification asking whether this decree apply to only those who have been in prison, who have already been tried and sentenced to death or those prisoners who have received limited jail terms and have already served part of their sentences but continue to hold fast to their stance in support of the MEK? Khomeini\u2019s answer is short but explicit and inhumane: \u201cIn all the above cases, if the person at any stage or at any time maintains him [or her] support for the Monafeqin [MEK], the sentence is execution. Annihilate the enemies of Islam immediately. As for the cases cited, use whichever criterion that speeds up the implementation of the verdict.\u201d Following this decree, the Death Commissions were formed across Iran. They only asked one question: Do you still support the MEK Or not. Those who said yes were sent to the gallows. More than 30,000 of Iran\u2019s most valuable youth were massacred after advocating for freedom In Iran. The perpetrators of this massacre hold the highest positions in the regime. The regime\u2019s new president, Ebrahim Raisi, and the Judiciary Chief, Gholamhossain Mohseni Ejei, are among those officials. Raisi was one of the key members of Tehran\u2019s Death Commission. These criminals should be held to account. Read More: https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IranNCR\/ https:\/\/twitter.com\/iran_policy Subscribe to NCRI weekly newsletter t.ly\/MybJ\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khomeini assigned a committee nicknamed the \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/iran-1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners\/iran-1988-massacre-death-commissions\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Death Committee<\/a>\u201d to this task. It comprised three individuals: A representative of the Ministry of Intelligence, a religious judge, and a prosecutor. The final decision rested with the Intelligence Ministry official. The committee\u2019s trials generally lasted just a few minutes and usually consisted of little more than an interrogation session. The questions were focused on whether the inmate continued to have any allegiance to the MEK, whose affiliates made up more than 90 percent of the prisoners who were taken before the \u201cDeath Committee.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If the prisoners were unwilling to collaborate with the regime against the MEK, it was viewed as a sign of sympathy for the organization, and the sentence was immediate execution. The task of the Death Committee was to determine whether a prisoner was a so-called \u201cEnemy of God\u201d or not. In the case of MEK prisoners, that determination was often made after only a single question about their political affiliation. Those who identified themselves as \u201cMojahedin\u201d (MEK) rather than the regime\u2019s preferred derogatory term \u201cMonafeqin\u201d (\u201chypocrites\u201d) were sent to the gallows.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"The 1988 Massacre of Political Prisoners in Iran: Eyewitness Accounts, Asghar Mehdizadeh\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_TB5BdTz5-BE\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FTB5BdTz5-BE%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TB5BdTz5-BE\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT35M10S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2021-08-22T20:42:31Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_TB5BdTz5-BE\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FTB5BdTz5-BE%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">The 1988 Massacre of Political Prisoners in Iran: Eyewitness Accounts, Asghar Mehdizadeh<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TB5BdTz5-BE\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FTB5BdTz5-BE%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"The 1988 Massacre of Political Prisoners in Iran: Eyewitness Accounts, Asghar Mehdizadeh\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Read More: I am Asghar Mehdizadeh, born in 1957 in the city of Soomehsara. I was in Soomehsara, Fooman, Rasht, Evin, and Gohardasht prisons for 13 years. I was arrested in Tehran in early 1982, along with MEK supporter Mohsen. Mohsen was martyred under torture because he always defended the aspirations of the MEK. While I was under interrogation, I saw many brothers and sisters who were martyred under torture. I then had my interrogation continued in solitary confinement in Gohardasht. After spending a year and a half there, many prisoners, including Farhad Komayi, who was my superior and was very much loved by the people of Soomehsara, were executed. I was sentenced to 15 years. See the full text at \u201cEyewitness Accounts.\u201d https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners-in-iran\/ https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IranNCR\/ https:\/\/twitter.com\/iran_policy Subscribe to NCRI weekly newsletter t.ly\/MybJ\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On August 28, 2019, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2019\/08\/iran-world-turning-blind-eye-to-crisis-of-mass-enforced-disappearance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Amnesty International<\/a> reiterated its call on the United Nations to set up an independent investigation into Iran\u2019s 1988 massacre of thousands of political prisoners. A large number of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/iran-1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners\/the-1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners-in-iran-eyewitness-accounts\/\" rel=\"noopener\">testimonies<\/a> regarding the massacre are public records.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/23767-u-n-special-rapporteur-speaks-on-dismal-human-rights-situation-and-1988-massacre-in-iran?highlight=WyJhc21hIiwiJ2FzbWEiLCJqYWhhbmdpciIsImphaGFuZ2lyJywiLCJqYWhhbmdpcidzIiwiamFoYW5naXInIiwiYXNtYSBqYWhhbmdpciJd\" rel=\"noopener\">Asma Jahangir<\/a>, the late UN special rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran, spoke of the massacre in her six-month report on human rights in Iran during her address to the seventy-second session of the General Assembly in New York on October 25, 2017: \u201cThe families of the victims have a right to remedy, reparation, and the right to know about the truth of these events and the fate of the victims without risking reprisal. I, therefore, reiterate my call upon the Government to ensure that a thorough and independent investigation into these events is carried out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>On September 3, 2020, seven United Nations experts sent a letter to the Iranian authorities stating that the 1988 massacre of thousands of political prisoners could amount to \u201ccrimes against humanity\u201d and vowing to call for an international investigation into the mass murders if the authorities continue to refuse to uphold their obligations under international human rights law. The <a href=\"https:\/\/spcommreports.ohchr.org\/TMResultsBase\/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=25503\">letter by the UN Special Rapporteurs<\/a>\u00a0is dated 3 September 2020, but it was published on the UN website on 9 December 2020 in the run-up to International Human Rights Day.<\/p>\n<p>Among the letter\u2019s signatories are Luciano Hazan, Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; Agnes Callamard, Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary, or arbitrary executions; Clement Nyaletsossi Voule, Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association; Javaid Rehman, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran; Fionnuala N\u00ed Aol\u00e1in, Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism; Nils Melzer, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; and Fabian Salvioli, Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"UN experts call for investigation of 1988 Massacre in Iran - December 2020\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_fTQGUHGsUCQ\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FfTQGUHGsUCQ%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fTQGUHGsUCQ\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT2M10S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2020-12-12T17:03:11Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_fTQGUHGsUCQ\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FfTQGUHGsUCQ%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">UN experts call for investigation of 1988 Massacre in Iran - December 2020<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/fTQGUHGsUCQ\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FfTQGUHGsUCQ%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"UN experts call for investigation of 1988 Massacre in Iran - December 2020\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"December 2020 - Seven United Nations human rights experts have written a letter to Iran\u2019s regime describing the 1988 massacre of thousands of political prisoners as \u201ccrimes against humanity.\u201d Iran\u2019s regime carried out the massacre in the summer of 1988 based on a fatwa by then-Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini. More than 30,000 political prisoners were massacred. The vast majority of the victims were activists of the opposition People\u2019s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI-MEK). The letter by the Special Rapporteurs, dated September 3, 2020, has only just been made public by the UN. It calls on the Iranian regime to prosecute the perpetrators of the 1988 massacre. It adds that if Tehran continues to refuse to uphold its obligations under international human rights law, the UN experts call on the international community to launch its own investigation into the massacre \u201cincluding through the establishment of an international investigation.\u201d The UN experts wrote: \u201cIn 1988, the Iranian authorities forcibly disappeared and extrajudicially executed thousands of imprisoned political dissidents affiliated with political opposition groups\u201d President-elect of the NCRI called the report \u201ca major and qualitative step in the advancement of the movement for justice for the victims of that massacre.\u201c Mrs. Rajavi noted that the report, which emphasizes the regime\u2019s non-compliance with its \u201cobligations under international human rights law,\u201d including the non-disclosure of the fate and burial place of those executed, heightens the need to refer this dossier on the ongoing crime against humanity to the UN Security Council, and to bring to account the officials and perpetrators of this great crime of the century. Read More: https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IranNCR\/ https:\/\/twitter.com\/iran_policy Subscribe to NCRI weekly newsletter t.ly\/MybJ #Iran #1988Massacre #UN\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>At a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/iran1988.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">press conference<\/a> in London on 27 January 2022, the JVMI unveiled an open letter signed by hundreds of current and former UN officials and globally acclaimed jurists urging the UN to immediately establish an investigation into Iran&#8217;s 1988 massacre of political prisoners. The letter, sent to the Human Rights Council and High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet earlier in the week, points out that the 1988 massacre is believed to amount to \u2018crimes against humanity and \u2018genocide.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>On the same day, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/un-urged-open-query-into-irans-1988-killings-raisi-role-2022-01-27\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reuters<\/a> reported that &#8220;Prominent former U.N. judges and investigators have called on U.N. human rights boss Michelle Bachelet to investigate the 1988 &#8220;massacre&#8221; of political prisoners in Iran, including the alleged role of its current president, Ebrahim Raisi, at that time.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text__text__1FZLe text__dark-grey__3Ml43 text__regular__2N1Xr text__large__nEccO body__base__22dCE body__large_body__FV5_X article-body__element__2p5pI\" data-testid=\"paragraph-1\">The open letter released on Thursday, seen by Reuters, was signed by some 460 people, including a former president of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Sang-Hyun Song, and Stephen Rapp, a former U.S. ambassador for global criminal justice.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p data-testid=\"paragraph-1\">&#8220;The perpetrators continue to enjoy impunity. They include the current Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and judiciary chief Gholam-Hossein Mohseni Ejei,&#8221; said the open letter. Ejei succeeded Raisi as head of Iran&#8217;s judiciary.<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On Thursday,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">July 14, 2022, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a court in Sweden convicted Hamid Noury of life imprisonment for his role in the 1988 massacre of over\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/middleeast\/iran\/1321090\/Khomeini-fatwa-led-to-killing-of-30000-in-Iran.html\" rel=\"noopener\">30,000 political prisoners. <\/a><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Noury was a prison official in Gohardasht prison in Karaj, west of Tehran. During his trial, survivors of the 1988 massacre shared harrowing accounts of what they witnessed in the regime\u2019s dungeons, particularly during those dark days in 1988.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maryam-rajavi.com\/en\/biography\" rel=\"noopener\">Mrs. Maryam Rajavi<\/a>, the President-elect of the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), welcomed the conviction of Hamid Noury, one of the perpetrators involved in genocide and crimes against humanity in 1988, by the Swedish judiciary to life imprisonment and called it a first step in the path of full justice. She added that comprehensive justice will be achieved when the main perpetrators of the crime, especially Ali Khamenei and Ebrahim Raisi, and other perpetrators, are put on trial in the courts of a free Iran or international tribunals.<\/p>\n<p>In 92 hearings, the Swedish court dealt with several events in only one prison (Gohardasht) out of more than 100 prisons where the massacre occurred. The dossiers on the massacre in Evin and the enormous crime that took place in more than 100 cities, and on the heroic actions of women affiliated with the People&#8217;s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI\/MEK) in the 1988 massacre, and the executioners&#8217; crimes against them should be opened.<\/p>\n<p>On August 25, 2022, at a press conference in Washington D.C., the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/about-ncri\/ncri\/alternative\/\" rel=\"noopener\">National Council of Resistance of Iran<\/a>\u00a0announced its firm resolve to hold Ebrahim Raisi, the Iranian regime\u2019s President, to account for crimes against humanity and genocide for his key role as a member of the Death Commission during the massacre of political prisoners in the summer of 1988 inside Iran.<\/p>\n<p>In light of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/who-is-ebrahim-raisi-ncr-iran\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Ebrahim Raisi<\/a>\u2018s scheduled trip to the United States to attend and address the U.N. General Assembly in September 2022, lawyers representing the NCRI and a group of victims of atrocities committed by Raisi have filed a complaint against him in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Iran | NCRI-US PRESS CONFERENCE: Federal Complaint Against Ebrahim Raisi for Role in #1988Massacre\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_XV0o1YqMtBc\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FXV0o1YqMtBc%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XV0o1YqMtBc\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT1H1M32S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-08-27T02:41:54Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_XV0o1YqMtBc\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FXV0o1YqMtBc%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Iran | NCRI-US PRESS CONFERENCE: Federal Complaint Against Ebrahim Raisi for Role in #1988Massacre<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XV0o1YqMtBc\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FXV0o1YqMtBc%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Iran | NCRI-US PRESS CONFERENCE: Federal Complaint Against Ebrahim Raisi for Role in #1988Massacre\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"On the eve of the planned trip to New York of the Iranian regime\u2019s president, Ebrahim Raisi, a press conference was held in Washington D.C. on Thursday, August 25, 2022, by the NCRI\u2019s U.S. Representative Office which provided more details on the filing of the complaint against the mullahs\u2019 regime\u2019s president Ebrahim Raisi for crimes against humanity and genocide. The Council\u2019s US Representative Ms. Soona Samsami, the plaintiffs&#039; lawyer Steven Schneebaum, the 81st U.S. Attorney General Judge Michael Mukasey, and some of the plaintiffs addressed the conference. The complaint was filed by plaintiffs who are former political prisoners, witnesses of the 1988 massacre, and the families of the MEK martyrs. Judge Mukasey said that even though these actions took place outside the United States, the law &quot;has explicitly granted to federal courts in the United States the jurisdiction to hear such actions.&quot; He emphasized, &quot;as to whether he (Raisi) committed the acts alleged in this complaint, there can be no doubt.&quot; In relation to his immunity as the president of the country, he said, &quot;Raisi has the title of president, but one could argue that the supreme leader, Ali Khamenei, is the head of state.&quot; He added, &quot;As a Belgian court found in the case of an Iranian diplomat convicted of trying to bomb a meeting of the MEK, diplomatic immunity does not mean diplomatic impunity. Even diplomatic immunity has its limits.\u201d Regarding the recent terrorist plots of the Iranian regime on U.S. soil, including against the former National Security Adviser and the former Secretary of State, Judge Mukasey said, &quot;As the president, Raisi is responsible for these terrorist acts, and Raisi should also be held accountable for terrorism.&quot; Mr. Schneebaum, the attorney for the NCRI and plaintiffs, said, &quot;Two U.S. statutes are the bases for the action. The Alien Tort Statute empowers federal courts to hear cases alleging injuries done to foreign citizens in violation of the law of nations. The second basis is the Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991 that opens the courthouse doors to U.S. citizens who were, or whose loved ones were, tortured or illegally executed under color of foreign law.&quot; Ms. Samsami said: \u201cThe MEK and the NCRI have been calling for justice for the 1988 massacre since the early days of the massacre in 1988. This lawsuit by victims and their family members against Raisi is one step in this campaign which we will continue with the help of our compatriots until the criminal leaders of this regime, including Raisi and Khamenei, are all brought to justice.\u201d The plaintiffs have argued to the court that in the summer of 1988, when 30,000 political prisoners were massacred across the country in a few weeks, as a member of the Death Commission in Tehran, Raisi was directly involved in the execution of thousands of political prisoners. International experts and lawyers have described this crime as genocide and a crime against humanity. On August 28, Jesse M. Furman, a judge of the Southern District of New York, where the complaint was filed, set November 15, 2022 for the pretrial conference on the complaints against Ebrahim Raisi and ordered the lawyers of all the parties to the complaint to participate in the conference on November 15, 2022, which will be held according to the court procedure in civil cases.\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"TORTURE\"><\/a>TORTURE, INHUMANE, AND DEGRADING PUNISHMENT<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As the perpetrators of the 1988 massacre are now effectively in charge of Iranian law enforcement, it is certainly no surprise that Iran\u2019s abuse of the death penalty continues unabated. It is also no surprise that other forms of corporal punishment remain as popular as ever, even as they are subject to a growing chorus of condemnation both from the international community and from ordinary Iranians.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No less than 74 distinct forms of torture are registered to have been practiced in the regime\u2019s prisons, mainly to extort forced confessions from political detainees or force them to take part in televised propaganda shows against the opposition. Judicial authorities often carry out these cruel and inhumane punishments in public.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Detailed cases of torture have been recorded by official organizations worldwide, with an abundance of related material documented by the UN Human Rights Commission and related committees. These have been systematically condemned through 65 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ap.ohchr.org\/documents\/sdpage_e.aspx?b=3&amp;c=86&amp;t=11\" rel=\"noopener\">UN statements<\/a> issued by the organization&#8217;s various organs. But torture and other ill-treatment such as prolonged solitary confinement, remain systematic, especially during interrogations.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_53974\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53974\" style=\"width: 685px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-53974\" title=\"Iran-Public-punishment_03\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/09\/Iran-Public-punishment_03.jpg\" alt=\"Iran-Public-punishment_03\" width=\"685\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Iran-Public-punishment_03.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Iran-Public-punishment_03-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Iran-Public-punishment_03-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Iran-Public-punishment_03-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Iran-Public-punishment_03-696x464.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Iran-Public-punishment_03-1068x712.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 685px) 100vw, 685px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-53974\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amputating fingers of a prisoner for the charge of minor theft<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The official record of torturous interrogation and extra-judicial punishment grew substantially in September 2020, with the release of a new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/mde13\/2891\/2020\/en\/\" rel=\"noopener\">report<\/a> by Amnesty International titled \u201cTrampling Humanity: Mass arrests, disappearances, and torture since Iran\u2019s 2019 November protests.\u201d The report collected personal and eyewitness statements regarding \u201cbeatings, floggings, electric shocks, stress positions, mock executions, waterboarding, sexual violence, forced administration of chemical substances, and deprivation of medical care,\u201d all directed against arrested participants in the November uprising.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Although torture is most common among opposition activists, it has also been experienced by a wide range of other prisoners, some of whom have died as a result. In 2018, 13 people died under torture following their arrests in connection with the protests in late 2017 and early 2018. Officials claimed some had committed suicide, but these assertions were disputed by the victims\u2019 families.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Over nearly four decades, scores of former <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/women.ncr-iran.org\/2016\/11\/30\/moving-testimonies-by-prisoners-at-call-for-justice-conference\/\" rel=\"noopener\">political prisoners<\/a> have testified to international bodies, including UN commissions, on this subject. And volumes of personal testimonies on their affidavits stand as proof that the cruelest torture has been used against tens of thousands of prisoners in Iran.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is common practice in the Iranian regime for people to be punished by flogging, often in public, on charges such as theft, attending peaceful protests or cultural gatherings, having extra-marital relationships, and attending mixed-gender parties. A citizen may also receive a flogging for offenses such as breaking fast in public during Ramadan, accessing websites or social media platforms that are \u201cforbidden,\u201d publishing anything deemed to be \u201cfalse\u201d news, and criticizing government officials.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Other crimes, including theft, continue to be punished with the medieval practice of amputating limbs. As recently as October 8, this sentence was upheld in Urmia Prison for brothers Mehrdad and Shahab Teymouri. This closely coincided with the passage of a new sentence for a 32-year-old prisoner named Arash Ali Akbari. Each of the three men has been ordered by a judge to lose his right hand.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There are many other instances of similar punishment, not always involving the right hand or not only the right hand. Some prisoners are blinded as punishment for their alleged crimes, in a literal application of the principle of \u201can eye for an eye,\u201d also known in the Iranian justice system as qisas, or \u201cretribution in kind.\u201d The regime\u2019s \u201cIslamic\u201d Penal Code also calls for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/22097-iran-regime-s-inhumane-punishment-of-death-by-stoning-continues\" rel=\"noopener\">stoning<\/a> as a method of punishment and execution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But violent retribution in Iran very rarely has a direct analog in the \u201ccrime\u201d that brought it upon the accused. The regime regularly responds to civil disobedience, both inside prisons and in the broader society, with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/25760-iran-regime-prosecutor-general-unfortunate-that-iran-is-not-amputating-more-people-s-hands?highlight=WyJhbXB1dGF0aW9ucyJd\" rel=\"noopener\">amputations<\/a>, blinding, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/18881-iran-regime-sentences-man-to-have-eyes-gouged-out?highlight=WyJleWUtZ291Z2luZyJd\" rel=\"noopener\">eye-gouging<\/a>, and public executions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Publicizing executions is intended to intimidate the masses, making them afraid of expressing their views and their opposition to the regime.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"FREEDOMS_EXPRESSION\"><\/a>FREEDOMS OF EXPRESSION, ASSOCIATION, AND ASSEMBLY<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iranian authorities crush all attempts at freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly. The swift and violent suppression of protests and the number of deaths in custody suggest the extent to which freedom of assembly and expression have deteriorated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The protests that have erupted in nearly every Iranian province since late December 2017 have been met with a state response that was notable for its harshness and disregard for the law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to reports from inside Iran and from within the regime, the number of detainees of the 2018 protests amounted to at least 8,000 by the end of their second week. Detainees were denied access to legal representation and threatened with more serious charges if they sought counsel. The number of detainees in the November 2019 uprisings was even more and reached at least 12,000 people. Many prisoners were killed under torture while in custody.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Martyrs of the Iran protests &ndash; November 2019\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_JkotIRinhkM\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FJkotIRinhkM%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JkotIRinhkM\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT2M20S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2019-12-17T14:57:30Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_JkotIRinhkM\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FJkotIRinhkM%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Martyrs of the Iran protests \u2013 November 2019<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/JkotIRinhkM\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FJkotIRinhkM%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Martyrs of the Iran protests &ndash; November 2019\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Martyrs of the Iran protests \u2013 November 2019 The People\u2019s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI\/MEK) has released the names of 504 protesters who have been identified so far among those killed by Iran&#039;s regime in the course of the Iran protests in November 2019. The number of martyrs of the uprising that has spread to 191 cities exceeds 1,500. Numerous minors are among the victims.\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"Media\"><\/a>OPPRESSION OF MEDIA<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Journalists, like women and ethnic or religious minorities, are at elevated risk of repression by regime authorities. Should the facts and opinions that they disseminate be at odds with the regime\u2019s official version, journalists, bloggers, and social media activists risk arrest and even execution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Even ordinary citizens face reprisal for using illegal platforms like Facebook or Twitter to broadcast unorthodox ideas. So naturally, the regime does not tolerate journalists publishing data or stories that paint it in an unflattering light. The regime can shut down whatever newspaper, magazine, website, or social media account it deems responsible for advocating peaceful protests or thought-provoking ideas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Iranian regime, both directly and indirectly, controls and signs off on every television program, magazine article, and news broadcast. Censorship of all forms of media and jamming of foreign satellite television channels are common practices. Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube have been blocked for years.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"Religion\"><\/a>FREEDOM OF RELIGION<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Iranian regime is among the top violators of the rights of religious minorities. Widespread and systematic attacks continue to be carried out against religious minorities.<br \/>\nThe Iranian regime continues to harass, interrogate and arrest Christians. Many have been charged with spurious, security-related charges such as \u201cacting against national security\u201d and some have been handed prison sentences of 10 years or longer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Followers of Ahl-e Haq or Yarsanism have been arrested in large numbers, then brutalized and imprisoned. Sufi Muslim religious sects have long complained of harassment by Iran\u2019s Shiite rulers, who view them as heretics. And Iran\u2019s Bahaiis are severely oppressed and frequently deprived of basic citizen\u2019s rights such as access to education and employment.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a id=\"Women\"><\/a>WOMEN<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/women\/26529-new-report-on-women-s-rights-in-iran?highlight=WyJyZXByZXNzaW9uIiwiJ3JlcHJlc3Npb24nIiwicmVwcmVzc2lvbiciLCJ3b21lbiIsIndvbWVuJ3MiLCJ3b21lbidzZXF1YWxpdHkiLCInd29tZW4iLCJ3b21lbidzLWNsb3RoaW5nIiwid29tZW4nIiwid29tZW4ncyciLCJ3b21lbicsIiwid29tZW4nLiIsIid3b21lbidzIiwid29tZW4nc2NvbW1pdHRlZSIsInJlcHJlc3Npb24gd29tZW4iXQ==\" rel=\"noopener\">denial of basic rights to women<\/a> affects all aspects of public and private life in Iran. Should a woman enter a public space without hijab, or \u201cproper\u201d covering, flogging is a possible consequence. Depending on the \u201cseverity\u201d of the \u201ccrime,\u201d she may receive several lashes or several dozen.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-248390\" title=\"iran-women-oppression-1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/iran-women-oppression-1.jpg\" alt=\"iran-women-oppression (1)\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/iran-women-oppression-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/iran-women-oppression-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/iran-women-oppression-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/iran-women-oppression-1-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/iran-women-oppression-1-696x522.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/iran-women-oppression-1-265x198.jpg 265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A woman can be pulled over while driving or walking if an agent considers her hijab to not be properly covering her. This can lead to fines or detention, but public harassment is a form of punishment unto itself. It also threatens to inspire disturbing public vigilantism like that, which manifested in sporadic acid attacks on women around the city of Isfahan in 2014. The assailants were reportedly associated with the paramilitary Bassij force, and their attacks blinded some of the women who were deemed to be inappropriately covered.<br \/>\nWhile these actions were not officially claimed by the regime, officials did nothing to seriously investigate the vicious assaults, and no one was arrested or prosecuted. This further convinced the public that the government had sanctioned the attacks.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_231492\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-231492\" style=\"width: 795px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-231492\" title=\"Iran-women-arrests-03\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Iran-women-arrests-03.jpg\" alt=\"Women in Iran are systematically oppressed. More than 4300 people have been executed in Iran under Hassan Rouhani\u2019s tenure. They include 110 women.\" width=\"795\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Iran-women-arrests-03.jpg 795w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Iran-women-arrests-03-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Iran-women-arrests-03-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Iran-women-arrests-03-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Iran-women-arrests-03-696x462.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-231492\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women in Iran are systematically oppressed. More than 4300 people have been executed in Iran under Hassan Rouhani&#8217;s tenure. They include 110 women.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iranian women have little representation in government, are second-class citizens and under the current legal code, have no hopes for improving their situation. They are subject to discrimination as trivial as being banned from attending official sporting matches and are barred from practicing sports unless dressed in full hijab.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This mistreatment paints a vivid picture of the attributes women are forced to adopt: submission, silence, and obedience. Women in Iran are nevertheless resilient, and many have fought back.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"Minorities\"><\/a>ETHNIC MINORITIES<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ethnic minorities, including Kurds, Baluchis, Azeris, Lors, and Arabs, have been subjected to oppression for years at the hands of Iranian authorities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hundreds of people were arrested around Ahvaz in 2018 amid protests against the regime\u2019s discriminatory policies, as well as water and power shortages and poverty. Azerbaijani Turkic minority rights activists were also targeted.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iran\u2019s Baluch minority numbers between one and four million people, based mainly in the southeastern region of Sistan-va-Baluchestan. Baluch human rights activists believe that more than 100 people, including innocent bystanders, are killed every year in government operations that target residents of the poverty-stricken region who are smuggling Gasoil to make ends meet. Security forces are not held accountable for the murders.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51420\" title=\"Kolbar-3\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Kolbar-3.jpg\" alt=\"Kolbar-3\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Kolbar-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Kolbar-3-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Kolbar-3-768x456.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Kolbar-3-696x413.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Similarly, the IRGC and other regime forces have continued to unlawfully attack and open fire on scores of unarmed Kurdish men known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/society\/24850-the-root-of-the-kolbar-phenomenon-and-how-iran-s-regime-handles-it?highlight=WyJrb2xiYXIiLCJrb2xiYXIncyIsIidrb2xiYXInIl0=\" rel=\"noopener\">Kulbars<\/a> (porters) who carry huge packs of goods on their backs and cross the border on foot to supply customers with goods not widely available in Iran, like alcohol, foreign clothing, and other consumer goods.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of content: 1. Introduction 2. Death Penalty 3. 1988 PRISON MASSACRE, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY 4. TORTURE, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING PUNISHMENTTORTURE, ILL-TREATMENT 5. FREEDOMS OF EXPRESSION, ASSOCIATION AND ASSEMBLY 6. [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":54619,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,15],"tags":[141],"class_list":{"0":"post-217902","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-special-reports","8":"category-human-rights","9":"tag-human-rights"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran - NCRI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Table of content: 1. Introduction 2. Death Penalty 3. 1988 PRISON MASSACRE, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY 4. TORTURE, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING PUNISHMENTTORTURE,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran - NCRI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Table of content: 1. Introduction 2. Death Penalty 3. 1988 PRISON MASSACRE, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY 4. TORTURE, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING PUNISHMENTTORTURE,\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NCRI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-09-24T10:39:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-15T13:43:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"501\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"The Editorial Board\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@iran_policy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@iran_policy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"The Editorial Board\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"21 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"The Editorial Board\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2297668126640a622fcef43788217d85\"},\"headline\":\"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-24T10:39:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-15T13:43:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":4529,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/12\\\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Human Rights\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Special Reports-News and Articles\",\"Iran Human Rights\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/\",\"name\":\"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran - NCRI\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/12\\\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-24T10:39:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-15T13:43:49+00:00\",\"description\":\"Table of content: 1. Introduction 2. Death Penalty 3. 1988 PRISON MASSACRE, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY 4. TORTURE, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING PUNISHMENTTORTURE,\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/12\\\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/12\\\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":501,\"caption\":\"Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/publications\\\/special-reports\\\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"NCRI\",\"description\":\"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran\",\"alternateName\":\"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/ncri-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/ncri-logo.jpg\",\"width\":402,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/iran_policy\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2297668126640a622fcef43788217d85\",\"name\":\"The Editorial Board\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/52940d9ed9667cdc4187d5a0c6ab261e445323ca269732d9cd6c42dcbc8e26c2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/52940d9ed9667cdc4187d5a0c6ab261e445323ca269732d9cd6c42dcbc8e26c2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/52940d9ed9667cdc4187d5a0c6ab261e445323ca269732d9cd6c42dcbc8e26c2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"The Editorial Board\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/author\\\/editor01\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran - NCRI","description":"Table of content: 1. Introduction 2. Death Penalty 3. 1988 PRISON MASSACRE, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY 4. TORTURE, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING PUNISHMENTTORTURE,","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran - NCRI","og_description":"Table of content: 1. Introduction 2. Death Penalty 3. 1988 PRISON MASSACRE, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY 4. TORTURE, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING PUNISHMENTTORTURE,","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/","og_site_name":"NCRI","article_published_time":"2019-09-24T10:39:38+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-02-15T13:43:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":501,"url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"The Editorial Board","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@iran_policy","twitter_site":"@iran_policy","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"The Editorial Board","Est. reading time":"21 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Article","BlogPosting"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/"},"author":{"name":"The Editorial Board","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/2297668126640a622fcef43788217d85"},"headline":"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran","datePublished":"2019-09-24T10:39:38+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-15T13:43:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/"},"wordCount":4529,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg","keywords":["Human Rights"],"articleSection":["Special Reports-News and Articles","Iran Human Rights"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/","name":"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran - NCRI","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg","datePublished":"2019-09-24T10:39:38+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-15T13:43:49+00:00","description":"Table of content: 1. Introduction 2. Death Penalty 3. 1988 PRISON MASSACRE, CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY 4. TORTURE, INHUMAN AND DEGRADING PUNISHMENTTORTURE,","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019.jpg","width":800,"height":501,"caption":"Iran_protests_martyrs_Nov-Dec_2019"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-human-rights-the-inhumane-regime-of-iran\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Iran Human Rights: The Inhumane Regime of Iran"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/","name":"NCRI","description":"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#organization","name":"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran","alternateName":"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ncri-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ncri-logo.jpg","width":402,"height":100,"caption":"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/iran_policy"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/2297668126640a622fcef43788217d85","name":"The Editorial Board","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/52940d9ed9667cdc4187d5a0c6ab261e445323ca269732d9cd6c42dcbc8e26c2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/52940d9ed9667cdc4187d5a0c6ab261e445323ca269732d9cd6c42dcbc8e26c2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/52940d9ed9667cdc4187d5a0c6ab261e445323ca269732d9cd6c42dcbc8e26c2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"The Editorial Board"},"url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/author\/editor01\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217902","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=217902"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217902\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=217902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=217902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=217902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}