{"id":223566,"date":"2020-08-07T18:14:56","date_gmt":"2020-08-07T17:14:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/?p=223566"},"modified":"2023-01-25T05:59:53","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T04:59:53","slug":"since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/","title":{"rendered":"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr\"<\/p>\n

Thirty-two years ago, the Iranian regime attempted<\/a> to destroy, in one fell swoop, its country\u2019s greatest source of democratic opposition.\u00a0<\/span>Based on a fatwa<\/a> issued by the regime\u2019s founder Ruhollah<\/span>\u00a0Khomeini which declared political prisoners to be enemies of God Himself, \u201cdeath commissions<\/a>\u201d convened in prisons throughout\u00a0<\/span>Iran<\/span>\u00a0and began interrogating inmates about their ideological views and affiliations. These faux trials sometimes lasted for as little as a\u00a0<\/span>minute and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>sent prisoners in scope of thousands to the gallows.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Most of the victims, were the members and supporters of the\u00a0<\/span>People\u2019s Mojahedin Organization of Iran<\/span>\u00a0(PMOI<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/a>MEK)\u00a0<\/span>who were imprisoned at the time,\u00a0<\/span>who chose death instead succumbing to the regime\u2019s demands<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>hose who were hauled before the death commissions opted to proudly defend their work with the\u00a0<\/span>MEK<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and accept their own martyrdom, rather than attempt to spare their own lives by turning their backs on the future of the country. Tehran should have recognized this as a sign of the underlying movement\u2019s resilience, and thus of the likely futility of the regime\u2019s efforts to destroy it.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The death commissions ordered the deaths of\u00a0<\/span>over<\/span>\u00a030,000 political<\/a> prisoners over the course of several months in 1988. It is known that the victims included teenagers and pregnant women,\u00a0<\/span>the regime\u2019s henchmen<\/span>\u00a0hanged the victims in groups then took many of them away in refrigerator trucks for secret mass burials.\u00a0A number of\u00a0the gravesites have since been identified by Iranian activists, but others have been concealed under regime construction projects \u2013 a phenomenon that is still ongoing and has been acknowledged by Amnesty International.<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

That human rights group is one of entities pushing for a thorough independent investigation of what has been called the greatest single crime against humanity in the latter half of the 20<\/span>th<\/span>\u00a0century. Amnesty<\/a> warns that the regime\u2019s destruction of evidence will continue unless confronted by\u00a0<\/span>the international community, thus impeding the chances of securing justice for the massacre\u2019s victims and their families.\u00a0<\/span>The Iranian Resistance\u00a0<\/span>has variously<\/span>\u00a0suggested that delays to this justice increase the potential for Iran to attempt new crackdowns on a similar scale.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2017, Mrs. Maryam Rajavi<\/a>, launched the \u201cJustice Seeking Movement<\/a>,\u201d for the victims of the 1988 massacre. This campaign ever since has been widely appreciated and answered to by the Iranian people<\/span>\u00a0and various human rights organizations.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In fact,\u00a0<\/span>due to the international community\u2019s inaction,<\/span>\u00a0the regime has already been trending in that direction. Its political violence has seemingly grown in multiple dimensions during recent years, being manifest sometimes in accelerated activity by security forces and \u201cmorality police,\u201d and sometimes in backlash against domestic protests, or attempted terrorist attacks on foreign dissident gatherings.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In June 2018, one such terror plot<\/a> was thwarted when two would-be bombers attempted to gain access to an international gathering near Paris,\u00a0<\/span>held by<\/span>\u00a0the National Council of Resistance of Iran<\/a>. This was only one of several\u00a0<\/span>of the\u00a0<\/span>Iranian<\/span>\u00a0regime\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0terror plots that were uncovered in the West<\/span>\u00a0and they came in the wake of the regime killing dozens of protesters during a January uprising that brought appeals for regime change into the mainstream.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The regime\u2019s\u00a0<\/span>Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei was quick to blame the anti-<\/a><\/span>regime<\/span>\u00a0message on the\u00a0<\/span>MEK<\/span>. But in so doing, he undermined three decades of propaganda that sought to portray the Resistance as having been destroyed by the end of the Iran-Iraq War. Prior to the revelation of an audio recording that brought new light to the \u201cworst crime of the Islamic Republic,\u201d the regime rarely acknowledged the 1988 massacre. But this did not stop it from portraying that incident as the endpoint for most public advocacy for a democratic alternative to the theocratic system.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Whereas the reality of the situation is that the\u00a0<\/span>MEK<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rapidly recovered from the\u00a0<\/span>massacre and continued its growth forever thereafter, the regime\u2019s propaganda dismissed the group as marginal, cult-like, and without serious support among the Iranian people. Those claims were rendered superficially plausible by the simple fact that the massacre had revealed that any public association with the\u00a0<\/span>MEK<\/span>\u00a0could be grounds for a death sentence. Naturally, much of its support was required to remain underground, but there\u00a0it\u00a0percolated waiting for opportunities to\u00a0rise up, as it did in the 2018 uprising.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The regime\u2019s oppression was only able to quell the Iranian society\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>a short period<\/span>\u00a0of time; but never succeeded in\u00a0<\/span>pausing the MEK\u2019s \u201cResistance Units\u201d activities, that played a leading role during the uprising.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In addition, the NCRI\u2019s president-elect Mrs.<\/span>\u00a0Maryam Rajavi call<\/span>ed<\/span>\u00a0for a \u201cyear full of uprisings,\u201d and much of the public obliged by organizing scattered, local protests that kept slogans like \u201cdeath to the dictator\u201d in mainstream circulation. This in turn set the stage for another uprising in November 2019,<\/a> which proved to be even larger than its predecessor, encompassing 200 separate cities and towns.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The regime\u2019s backlash this time was even fiercer. After only a few days, 1,500 peaceful<\/a> protesters lay dead. The death toll was a testament to how little that regime\u2019s behavior has changed since 1988. But the surrounding circumstances were an equally powerful testament to how much more\u00a0<\/span>of a challenge the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>MEK<\/span>\u00a0has\u00a0<\/span>become<\/span>\u00a0to the mullahs\u2019<\/span>\u00a0hold on power.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

That message has been reinforced on several occasions since November. January was marked by widespread protests in multiple provinces, as the public reacted to the regime\u2019s attempted cover-up of the missile strike on\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0Ukrainian airliner. In February, a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>MEK<\/span>-led<\/span>\u00a0b<\/span>oycott of the nation\u2019s parliamentary elections resulted in the lowest voter turnout in the history of the\u00a0<\/span>Mullahs\u2019 regime<\/span>. And in the more than five months since authorities officially acknowledged Iran\u2019s coronavirus outbreak, activists and private citizens have routinely defied threats of lashings and imprisonment by leaking data that indicates the crisis is much worse than Tehran is letting on.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

All of this serves to reiterate that Tehran failed in the objectives behind the 1988 massacre. And at the end of July,\u00a0<\/span>MEK<\/span>\u00a0\u201c<\/span>R<\/span>esistance\u00a0<\/span>U<\/span>nits\u201d brought the matter\u00a0<\/span>full-circle<\/span>\u00a0with a series of graffiti tags that brought renewed public attention to the enduring lack of accountability for those killings. Between July 29 and July 31, several prominent places came to display messages that partially attributed the recent uprisings to longstanding outrage over the\u00a0massacre, and\u00a0highlighted a call for the \u201cprosecution of masterminds and perpetrators\u201d of this \u201cgreat crime against humanity.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Less than two weeks earlier, that same call to action was expressed on the international stage by participants in the Free Iran Global Summit<\/a>, an online conference organized by the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Among those who delivered remarks at the event were former political prisoners and survivors of the 1988 massacre<\/a>, along with hundreds of lawmakers and policy experts from the US, Europe, and much of the world.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Their support for prosecution of the massacre\u2019s architects is a source of hope for Iranians who have clearly not forgotten the regime\u2019s past crimes, and who still intend to hold it to account for them. Ultimate accountability may only be attained after another uprising leads to the ouster of the ruling ayatollahs. But in the meantime, enhanced international pressure could bring individual criminals face to face with the consequences of their actions while also empowering the Iranian Resistance to pursue its goals without fear that the regime will continue to enjoy impunity for its myriad human rights abuses.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Weekly-Signe-up-logo\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thirty-two years ago, the Iranian regime attempted to destroy, in one fell swoop, its country’s greatest source of democratic opposition. Based on a fatwa issued by the regime’s founder Ruhollah Khomeini which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":223570,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,45,15],"tags":[129,142,197],"class_list":{"0":"post-223566","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-iran-resistance","8":"category-news","9":"category-human-rights","10":"tag-iran","11":"tag-1988-massacre","12":"tag-mek-iran"},"yoast_head":"\nSince Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger - NCRI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thirty-two years ago, the Iranian regime attempted to destroy, in one fell swoop, its country\u2019s greatest source of democratic opposition.\u00a0Based on a fatwa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger - NCRI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thirty-two years ago, the Iranian regime attempted to destroy, in one fell swoop, its country\u2019s greatest source of democratic opposition.\u00a0Based on a fatwa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NCRI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-07T17:14:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-25T04:59:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"690\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"390\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Shamsi Saadati\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@iran_policy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@iran_policy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Shamsi Saadati\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Shamsi Saadati\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/410cc710e9b11fe1e0140afae956d6e6\"},\"headline\":\"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-07T17:14:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-25T04:59:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1254,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Iran\",\"1988 Massacre\",\"MEK-Iran\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Iran Opposition & Resistance\",\"Iran News Now\",\"Iran Human Rights\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/\",\"name\":\"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger - NCRI\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-07T17:14:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-25T04:59:53+00:00\",\"description\":\"Thirty-two years ago, the Iranian regime attempted to destroy, in one fell swoop, its country\u2019s greatest source of democratic opposition.\u00a0Based on a fatwa\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg\",\"width\":690,\"height\":390,\"caption\":\"Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"NCRI\",\"description\":\"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran\",\"alternateName\":\"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/ncri-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/ncri-logo.jpg\",\"width\":402,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/iran_policy\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/410cc710e9b11fe1e0140afae956d6e6\",\"name\":\"Shamsi Saadati\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1ff30655874a9af9b80fd8207e6c14da44bd022c40adc5558e4ace491fd9d19c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1ff30655874a9af9b80fd8207e6c14da44bd022c40adc5558e4ace491fd9d19c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1ff30655874a9af9b80fd8207e6c14da44bd022c40adc5558e4ace491fd9d19c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Shamsi Saadati\"},\"description\":\"Shamsi Saadati is a writer, producer, and political correspondent for the National Council of Resistance of Iran. She has also been a member of the Board of Editors for NCRI-Iran.org for the past 10 years.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ncr-iran.org\\\/en\\\/author\\\/shamsi-saadati\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger - NCRI","description":"Thirty-two years ago, the Iranian regime attempted to destroy, in one fell swoop, its country\u2019s greatest source of democratic opposition.\u00a0Based on a fatwa","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger - NCRI","og_description":"Thirty-two years ago, the Iranian regime attempted to destroy, in one fell swoop, its country\u2019s greatest source of democratic opposition.\u00a0Based on a fatwa","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/","og_site_name":"NCRI","article_published_time":"2020-08-07T17:14:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-25T04:59:53+00:00","og_image":[{"width":690,"height":390,"url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Shamsi Saadati","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@iran_policy","twitter_site":"@iran_policy","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Shamsi Saadati","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Article","BlogPosting"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/"},"author":{"name":"Shamsi Saadati","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/410cc710e9b11fe1e0140afae956d6e6"},"headline":"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger","datePublished":"2020-08-07T17:14:56+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-25T04:59:53+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/"},"wordCount":1254,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg","keywords":["Iran","1988 Massacre","MEK-Iran"],"articleSection":["Iran Opposition & Resistance","Iran News Now","Iran Human Rights"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/","name":"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger - NCRI","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg","datePublished":"2020-08-07T17:14:56+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-25T04:59:53+00:00","description":"Thirty-two years ago, the Iranian regime attempted to destroy, in one fell swoop, its country\u2019s greatest source of democratic opposition.\u00a0Based on a fatwa","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr.jpg","width":690,"height":390,"caption":"Commemoration-of-the-victims-of-the-1988-massacr"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/since-surviving-a-massacre-in-1988-irans-democratic-resistance-has-grown-stronger\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Since Surviving a Massacre in 1988, Iran\u2019s Democratic Resistance Has Grown Stronger"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/","name":"NCRI","description":"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#organization","name":"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran","alternateName":"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ncri-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ncri-logo.jpg","width":402,"height":100,"caption":"Official website of the National Council of Resistance of Iran"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/iran_policy"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/410cc710e9b11fe1e0140afae956d6e6","name":"Shamsi Saadati","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1ff30655874a9af9b80fd8207e6c14da44bd022c40adc5558e4ace491fd9d19c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1ff30655874a9af9b80fd8207e6c14da44bd022c40adc5558e4ace491fd9d19c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1ff30655874a9af9b80fd8207e6c14da44bd022c40adc5558e4ace491fd9d19c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Shamsi Saadati"},"description":"Shamsi Saadati is a writer, producer, and political correspondent for the National Council of Resistance of Iran. She has also been a member of the Board of Editors for NCRI-Iran.org for the past 10 years.","url":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/author\/shamsi-saadati\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=223566"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223566\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/223570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=223566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=223566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=223566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}