{"id":226094,"date":"2020-09-15T17:30:07","date_gmt":"2020-09-15T16:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/?p=226094"},"modified":"2023-01-20T20:18:38","modified_gmt":"2023-01-20T19:18:38","slug":"the-west-was-silent-on-irans-1988-massacre-and-it-must-now-correct-the-mistake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/the-west-was-silent-on-irans-1988-massacre-and-it-must-now-correct-the-mistake\/","title":{"rendered":"The West Was Silent on Iran\u2019s 1988 Massacre, and It Must Now Correct the Mistake"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_224705\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-224705\" style=\"width: 689px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Pictures-of-some-victims-of-1988-Massacre-in-Iran-in-a-public-photo-exhibition\" class=\" wp-image-224705\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pictures-of-some-victims-of-1988-Massacre-in-Iran-in-a-public-photo-exhibition-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Iran: 32 Years After 1988 Massacre: It Is Time for UN General Assembly To Act\" width=\"689\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pictures-of-some-victims-of-1988-Massacre-in-Iran-in-a-public-photo-exhibition-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pictures-of-some-victims-of-1988-Massacre-in-Iran-in-a-public-photo-exhibition-696x392.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pictures-of-some-victims-of-1988-Massacre-in-Iran-in-a-public-photo-exhibition.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-224705\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pictures of some victims of 1988 Massacre in Iran in a public photo exhibition<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>By: Alejo Vidal-Quadras<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 1988, the Iranian regime undertook the systematic <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/20932-the-1988-massacre-in-iran\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">massacre of political prisoners<\/a>. Over the course of several months, approximately 30,000 detainees were interrogated over their political views and affiliations, then sentenced to summary execution by \u201cdeath commissions\u201d when they failed to demonstrate complete loyalty to the theocratic regime. The proceedings were primarily focused on affiliates of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/english.mojahedin.org\/about-iranian-opposition-pmoi-mek\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">People\u2019s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI-MEK)<\/a>, whose expatriate activists tried to reach the international community with news of the ongoing massacre.<\/p>\n<p>Numerous policymakers and diplomats in Europe and North America were duly informed of the Iranian regime\u2019s most severe endeavor to stamp out dissent, but nearly all of them turned a blind eye, apparently believing that such dissent was too weak or too disorganized to present a serious challenge to the mullahs. Though misguided, this belief has guided Western policy toward the clerical regime for most of its four decades in power. Specifically, it has guided that policy toward betrayals of core Western principles and the neglect of the 1988 massacre is perhaps the most shameful example.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"1988 Massacre of political prisoners in Iran\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_455GXFlK5yg\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F455GXFlK5yg%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/455GXFlK5yg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT1M10S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2020-08-14T16:53:11Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_455GXFlK5yg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F455GXFlK5yg%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">1988 Massacre of political prisoners in Iran<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/455GXFlK5yg\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F455GXFlK5yg%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"1988 Massacre of political prisoners in Iran\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"In the summer of 1988, the Iranian regime summarily and extra-judicially executed tens of thousands of political prisoners held in jails across Iran. The massacre was carried out on the basis of a fatwa by the regime\u2019s then-Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini. The facts: \u2022 More than 30,000 political prisoners were massacred in Iran in the summer of 1988. \u2022 The massacre was carried out on the basis of a fatwa by Khomeini. \u2022 The vast majority of the victims were activists of the opposition PMOI (MEK). \u2022 A Death Committee approved all the death sentences. \u2022 Alireza Avaei, a member of the Death Committee, is today Hassan Rouhani\u2019s Justice Minister. \u2022 The perpetrators of the 1988 massacre have never been brought to justice. \u2022 On August 9, 2016, an audio tape was published for the first time of Khomeini\u2019s former heir acknowledging that that massacre took place and had been ordered at the highest levels. In the final phases of the Iran-Iraq war, Khomeini who felt that defeat was imminent, decided to take his revenge on the political prisoners. He issued fatwas (religious decrees) ordering the execution of anyone who had not \u201crepented\u201d and who was not willing to collaborate entirely with the regime. The massacres began, and everyday hundreds of political prisoners were hanged and their corpses were buried hurriedly in mass graves all over major cities, in particular Tehran. Khomeini decreed: \u201cWhoever at any stage continues to belong to the Monafeqin (the regime\u2019s derogatory term to describe the PMOI\/MEK) must be executed. Annihilate the enemies of Islam immediately.\u201d He went on to add: \u201c\u2026 Those who are in prisons throughout the country and remain steadfast in their support for the MEK\/PMOI are waging war on God and are condemned to execution\u2026 It is naive to show mercy to those who wage war on God.\u201d\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>For whatever it\u2019s worth, that silence was seemingly motivated by an impulse to promote the greater good. After failing to recognize the existence of a viable alternative to Iran\u2019s theocratic system, many Western policymakers decided that their best option was to maintain ordinary relations with the regime in the interest of elevating \u201cmoderate\u201d officials over their hardline colleagues. In practice, this meant avoiding any serious upset to the regime as a whole, even if doing so came at the expense of ordinary Iranians\u2019 lives.<\/p>\n<p>What the international community <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/mek-irans-regime-destroys-graves-of-1988-massacre-victims\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">should have recognized in 1988<\/a> was that no Iranian official can realistically be referred to as \u201cmoderate\u201d if they are willing to stand by and witness, or actively participate in, a vast political purge like that year\u2019s massacre. While the authors of Western appeasement policy might try to defend themselves by arguing that the objects of that policy were likely not aware of the killings while they were happening, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that every major Iranian official knew about the massacre and effectively condoned it.<\/p>\n<p>This fact was highlighted once again on Tuesday, August 18, 2020, when<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/amnesty-internationals-iran-report-highlights-need-to-hold-mullahs-to-account-for-their-crimes\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Amnesty International<\/a> posted about the massacre from its Farsi Twitter account. The message explained that the families of political prisoners had reached out the human rights organization in the summer of 1988 to explain that visitations had been halted in facilities throughout the country and that there was growing suspicion about widespread abuse and killings. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2020\/09\/iran-detainees-flogged-sexually-abused-and-given-electric-shocks-in-gruesome-post-protest-crackdown-new-report\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amnesty<\/a> quickly responded by issuing an \u201cUrgent Action\u201d statement and reaching out directly to a number of Iranian government ministers and officials, including the Minister of Justice.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/stats.sender.net\/forms\/dGYVLa\/view\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Weekly-Signe-up-logo-e1598946307486\" class=\" wp-image-219239 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Weekly-Signe-up-logo-e1598946307486.png\" alt=\"Weekly-Signe-up-logo-e1598946307486\" width=\"252\" height=\"84\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Under these circumstances, it was impossible for any prominent figure in the regime to remain ignorant of the leadership\u2019s plan to stamp out dissent. It was also unlikely that anyone could ascend through the ranks of the regime after the fact without first learning about the killings and condoning them. In fact, even the current makeup of the regime\u2019s leadership reflects a pattern that has rewarded the supporters of political violence and punished critics.<\/p>\n<p>This is not to say that there have been many critics. Only one <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ncr-iran.org\/en\/ncri-statements\/human-rights\/20867-publication-of-montazeri-s-shocking-audio-recording-during-a-meeting\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former regime officia<\/a>l is known to have stood against the massacre of political prisoners. Remarkably, he was Ayatollah Khomeini\u2019s designated successor in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/british-lawmakers-call-for-justice-on-irans-1988-massacre\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1988<\/a>. Unfortunately, this did not stop him from being entirely ousted from the regime and later placed under house arrest, where he would live out the final years of his life.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"VIDEO: The untold story of the 1988 Massacre in Iran\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_20V-kL1WdsA\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F20V-kL1WdsA%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/20V-kL1WdsA\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT7M56S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2018-02-26T15:51:53Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_20V-kL1WdsA\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F20V-kL1WdsA%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">VIDEO: The untold story of the 1988 Massacre in Iran<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/20V-kL1WdsA\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F20V-kL1WdsA%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"VIDEO: The untold story of the 1988 Massacre in Iran\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"VIDEO: The untold story of the 1988 Massacre in Iran https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/20912-video-the-untold-story-of-the-1988-massacre-in-iran\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p>Had this not been the case, Ali Hossein Montazeri might have been the kind of person that Western officials could have reached out to in the interest of promoting the regime\u2019s moderation, but if they had seen the writing on the wall, they would have known that their future negotiating partners would have been drawn only from the ranks of individuals like Ebrahim Raisi and Alireza Avaie, both of whom served on the death commissions that scheduled executions in 1988 and who now serve as the regime\u2019s judiciary chief and Justice Minister, respectively.<\/p>\n<p>Ordinarily, it would be unfair to hold policymakers responsible for their failure to correctly predict the trajectory a foreign government would take, years in advance, but in this case, if hope for moderation was the guiding principle of Western policy toward Iran, then news of widespread killings should have brought that an end to that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/british-lawmakers-call-for-justice-on-irans-1988-massacre\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dream in 1988,<\/a> or shortly thereafter. Certainly, that principle provided nothing close to the justification for the neglect of an unmistakable crime against humanity. Any Iranian official who balked at criticisms of that crime would have immediately exposed himself as being just as unworthy of foreign engagement as Ayatollah Khomeini himself.<\/p>\n<p>After 32 years, it is almost inconceivable that anyone would still be clinging to the hope of moderation. It is entirely inconceivable that anyone would regard that hope as a reason to continue avoiding demands for accountability among the perpetrators of the 1988 massacre. Therefore, anyone who is interested in correcting past mistakes of Western policy should now be pushing for an investigation into the long-neglected killings and this investigation should be viewed as the first step on the way to prosecution at the International Criminal Court for the massacre\u2019s perpetrators.<\/p>\n<p>The upcoming session of the United Nations General Assembly provides a perfect opportunity for governments that were silent in 1988 to raise their voices and elevate awareness of what Montazeri called \u201cthe worst crime of the Islamic Republic\u201d and others have called the worst crime against humanity to take place in the half-century after World War II. There is no statute of limitations for such a crime, and there is no point at which silence or complicity become forgivable in absence of atonement.<\/p>\n<p>Western leaders must take action to counter their predecessors&#8217; mistakes \u2013 not just the mistake of looking the other way on the 1988 massacre, but also the mistake of believing that Tehran could be gently nudged in the direction of respect for human rights.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_218196\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-218196\" style=\"width: 168px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Dr.-Alejo-Vidal-Quadras\" class=\" wp-image-218196\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dr.-Alejo-Vidal-Quadras.jpg\" alt=\"Dr.-Alejo-Vidal-Quadras\" width=\"168\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dr.-Alejo-Vidal-Quadras.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dr.-Alejo-Vidal-Quadras-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dr.-Alejo-Vidal-Quadras-60x60.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 168px) 100vw, 168px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-218196\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Alejo Vidal-Quadras<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Alejo Vidal-Quadras, a professor of atomic and nuclear physics, was vice-president of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2014. He is President of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/isjcommittee.com\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Committee In Search of Justice<\/a> (ISJ)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By: Alejo Vidal-Quadras In 1988, the Iranian regime undertook the systematic massacre of political prisoners. Over the course of several months, approximately 30,000 detainees were interrogated over their political views [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":53869,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71,15,188,284],"tags":[197,198,129,141,142,191],"class_list":{"0":"post-226094","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-blog","8":"category-human-rights","9":"category-op-ed","10":"category-iran-1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners","11":"tag-mek-iran","12":"tag-ncri","13":"tag-iran","14":"tag-human-rights","15":"tag-1988-massacre","16":"tag-alejo-vidal-quadras"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>West Was Silent on Iran\u2019s 1988 Massacre, It Must Now Correct the Mistake<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Iranian regime executed over 30,000 political prionser during the 1988 massacre. 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