{"id":249344,"date":"2021-10-21T09:30:03","date_gmt":"2021-10-21T14:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/?p=249344"},"modified":"2023-02-01T09:30:27","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T08:30:27","slug":"witnesses-in-swedish-trial-affirm-need-for-intl-action-on-irans-1988-massacre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/human-rights\/witnesses-in-swedish-trial-affirm-need-for-intl-action-on-irans-1988-massacre\/","title":{"rendered":"Witnesses in Swedish Trial Affirm Need for Int\u2019l\u00a0Action on Iran\u2019s 1988 Massacre"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"stockholm-sweden-iranians-1988massacre-min\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-247328\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/stockholm-sweden-iranians-1988massacre-min.jpg\" alt=\"stockholm-sweden-iranians-1988massacre-min\" width=\"1000\" height=\"749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/stockholm-sweden-iranians-1988massacre-min.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/stockholm-sweden-iranians-1988massacre-min-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/stockholm-sweden-iranians-1988massacre-min-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/stockholm-sweden-iranians-1988massacre-min-150x112.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/stockholm-sweden-iranians-1988massacre-min-696x521.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/stockholm-sweden-iranians-1988massacre-min-265x198.jpg 265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This week, Iranian expatriates in Sweden continued a series of public demonstrations calling for the international prosecution of leading figures in\u00a0the Iranian regime, including Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and\u00a0his new\u00a0President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/publications\/special-reports\/iran-who-is-ebrahim-raisi\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Ebrahim Raisi<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nearly\u00a0all of\u00a0the demonstrations in Stockholm have coincided with separate sessions in the trial of Hamid\u00a0Noury, a former prison official who was arrested upon traveling to Sweden in 2019, with authorities citing the principle of \u201cuniversal jurisdiction\u201d to justify the action.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The charges against Noury including war crimes and mass murder, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">stem from his role in the torture of political prisoners at Gohardasht Prison before and during the massacre of 1988, which claimed the lives of over 30,000 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/the-1988-massacre-in-iran\/\" rel=\"noopener\">political\u00a0<\/a>prisoners across the country, over the course of about three months.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Stockholm demonstrations and accompanying statements from the\u00a0Iranian Resistance highlight\u00a0that\u00a0Noury\u2019s\u00a0role in the massacre was minor compared to that of Ebrahim Raisi, who served as one of four officials on the Tehran \u201cdeath commission\u201d that oversaw the interrogation and execution of dissidents.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Iranian stands trial in Sweden for 1980s war crimes\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_3RtdS3H8yMg\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F3RtdS3H8yMg%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3RtdS3H8yMg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT1M37S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2021-08-15T09:08:05Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_3RtdS3H8yMg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F3RtdS3H8yMg%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Iranian stands trial in Sweden for 1980s war crimes<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/3RtdS3H8yMg\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F3RtdS3H8yMg%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Iranian stands trial in Sweden for 1980s war crimes\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"(10 Aug 2021) An Iranian citizen went on trial in Stockholm on Tuesday charged with committing grave war crimes and murder during the final phase of the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s. The trial of Hamid Nouri comes just days after Iran&#039;s hardline President Ebrahim Raisi took office as the highest-ranking civilian leader in Iran. Raisi himself took part as a prosecutor in the so-called &quot;death commission&quot; that executed as many as 5,000 people at the end of Iran&#039;s bloody war with Iraq in 1988. According to the Swedish prosecutors, Nouri worked in July-August 1988 as an assistant to the deputy prosecutor in the Gohardasht prison outside the Iranian city of Karaj and allegedly carried out atrocities there. They said Iran&#039;s then supreme leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, issued an order for the execution of all prisoners in Iranian prisons who sympathized with and remained loyal to the Iranian opposition group Mujahedeen-e-Khalq, or MEK. Due to that order, a large number of prisoners were executed in the Gohardasht prison between July 30 and August 16, 1988, the prosecutors in Sweden said. They said Hamid &quot;participated in mass executions and is suspected of having intentionally deprived the lives of a very large number of prisoners who sympathized with the Mujahedin.&quot; A group of members of the MEK showed up at the district court in Stockholm. A spokesman of the national council of resistance of Iran called it a &quot;landmark case which has been brought before the court after 33 years.&quot; As for the murder charge, Swedish prosecutors said Hamid is suspected of &quot;intentionally killing, together with other perpetrators, a large number of prisoners who sympathized with various left wing groups and who were regarded as apostates.&quot; Under the Swedish Penal Code, these are not considered to be related to an armed conflict, the prosecution said. Find out more about AP Archive: http:\/\/www.aparchive.com\/HowWeWork Twitter: https:\/\/twitter.com\/AP_Archive Facebook: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/APArchives \u200b\u200b Instagram: https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/APNews\/ You can license this story through AP Archive: http:\/\/www.aparchive.com\/metadata\/youtube\/60b6e4d043aa46be9bc0993ac72d8dd9\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The massacre grew out of a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/anniversary-of-khomeini-s-fatwa-which-led-to-1988-massacre-in-iran\/\" rel=\"noopener\">fatwa<\/a> from the regime\u2019s founder and first supreme leader, Ruhollah Khomeini, and it took\u00a0particular aim\u00a0at the People\u2019s Mojahedin Organization of Iran\u00a0(PMOI\/MEK). The religious edict in question described members of\u00a0the MEK\u00a0as being inherently guilty of \u201cenmity against God,\u201d and it urged authorities to execute them promptly and without opportunities for clemency.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In line with that recommendation, Raisi\u2019s death commission generally asked only one question of political prisoners\u00a0in order to\u00a0ascertain\u00a0whether or not\u00a0they supported the\u00a0MEK. Many refused to denounce the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/english.mojahedin.org\/i\/primer-the-history-the-peoples-mojahedin-organization-iran\" rel=\"noopener\">MEK\u00a0<\/a>and gave their lives for freedom.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This account of the massacre has been repeatedly corroborated in the context of\u00a0Noury\u2019s\u00a0trial. Dozens of witnesses are being given an opportunity to speak about their experiences as survivors of the massacre or as family members of victims in a trial that is not expected to conclude until April.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Recent sessions have featured former political prisoners and\u00a0MEK\u00a0members,\u00a0and supporters\u00a0who lost multiple family members during the massacre. One witness, the MEK member\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/women.ncr-iran.org\/2021\/08\/25\/listen-to-the-cries-of-the-iranian-peoples-call-for-justice-movement\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Khadijeh\u00a0Borhani<\/a>\u00a0noted that by the end of the 1988 massacre, she was the lone survivor among her immediate family. Four of her siblings were killed in earlier crackdowns on dissent, and the remaining two were executed by hanging during the massacre.\u00a0Borhani\u00a0attributed both her parents\u2019 untimely deaths to the grief and shock associated with the regime\u2019s attacks on their family, and she said that while her mother was in the custody of security forces, \u201cthe prison guards broke her legs with thick metal bars.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Another witness,\u00a0Seyyed\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/the-1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners-in-iran-eyewitness-accounts-seyyed-hossein-seyyed-ahmadi\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Hossein\u00a0<\/a>Seyyed\u00a0Ahmadi, also\u00a0recalled his mother being attacked by prison authorities, but in her case,\u00a0it was not because she herself was detained. Instead, she was beaten and had her arm broken because she complained about the severe mistreatment of another of her sons, Mohsen. Though initially sentenced to only one year in prison, Mohsen remained\u00a0detained indefinitely because he refused to denounce the\u00a0MEK.\u00a0Seyyed\u00a0Ahmadi explained that about 100 of the\u00a0MEK\u00a0supporters were given minor sentences for their political activities in 1980, only to remain in prison and ultimately be executed as part of the 1988 massacre.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"The 1988 Massacre of Political Prisoners in Iran: Eyewitness Accounts, Hossein Seyyed Ahmadi\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_kMuvOdpk4Mc\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FkMuvOdpk4Mc%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kMuvOdpk4Mc\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT4M3S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2021-08-22T21:22:00Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_kMuvOdpk4Mc\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FkMuvOdpk4Mc%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">The 1988 Massacre of Political Prisoners in Iran: Eyewitness Accounts, Hossein Seyyed Ahmadi<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kMuvOdpk4Mc\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FkMuvOdpk4Mc%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"The 1988 Massacre of Political Prisoners in Iran: Eyewitness Accounts, Hossein Seyyed Ahmadi\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Read More: Hello. My name is Hossein Seyyed Ahmadi. Two of my brothers were executed in the 1988 massacre. My older brother Seyyed Mohsen Seyyed Ahmadi and my other brother Seyyed Mohammad Seyyed Ahmadi. Seyyed Mohsen was executed in Gohardasht Prison in Karaj. And Seyyed Mohammad was executed in Evin Prison. They were both executed in 1988. They were part of the first group that was executed on July 30, 1988, by henchmen without even having a trial. See the full text at \u201cEyewitness Accounts.\u201d https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners-in-iran\/ https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IranNCR\/ https:\/\/twitter.com\/iran_policy Subscribe to NCRI weekly newsletter t.ly\/MybJ\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Many witnesses emphasized the status of the 1988 massacre as an ongoing crime against humanity, noting that families inside Iran remain under pressure not to speak about the incident while lacking closure in the form of information about their loved one\u2019s\u00a0final resting places.\u00a0PMOI\u00a0activists have identified the locations of mass graves in approximately three dozen cities, but\u00a0regime\u00a0authorities have sought to cover up evidence of the massacre by destroying those sites and building upon them.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Human rights groups like <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2019\/06\/irans-1988-massacres-authorities-violating-torture-prohibition-through-cruel-treatment-of-victims-families\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Amnesty International<\/a> have issued various statements over the years indicating that this pattern of destruction threatens to undermine any future investigation aimed at establishing the true scale and precise details of the 1988 massacre. While echoing this sentiment and affirming the need for a formal UN-led commission of inquiry,\u00a0the Iranian Resistance has\u00a0also emphasized that the outcome of any such investigation should be\u00a0the\u00a0international prosecution of Ebrahim Raisi and other known perpetrators of crimes against humanity in Iran.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This week, Iranian expatriates in Sweden continued a series of public demonstrations calling for the international prosecution of leading figures in&nbsp;the Iranian regime, including Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and&nbsp;his new&nbsp;President [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":247328,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[129,141,142],"class_list":{"0":"post-249344","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-human-rights","8":"tag-iran","9":"tag-human-rights","10":"tag-1988-massacre"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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