{"id":346722,"date":"2026-07-20T19:15:45","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T18:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/?p=346722"},"modified":"2026-07-20T19:15:45","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T18:15:45","slug":"how-irans-1988-massacre-authored-a-blueprint-for-todays-shadow-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/iran-resistance\/how-irans-1988-massacre-authored-a-blueprint-for-todays-shadow-war\/","title":{"rendered":"How Iran\u2019s 1988 Massacre Authored a Blueprint for Today\u2019s Shadow War"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_344807\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-344807\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-344807\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ncri-activists-1988-massacre.jpg\" alt=\"NCRI supporters stage a protest against executions in Iran, highlighting the legacy of the 1988 massacre and calling for accountability and justice\" width=\"1000\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ncri-activists-1988-massacre.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ncri-activists-1988-massacre-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ncri-activists-1988-massacre-768x436.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ncri-activists-1988-massacre-739x420.jpg 739w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ncri-activists-1988-massacre-150x85.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ncri-activists-1988-massacre-696x395.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-344807\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NCRI supporters stage a protest against executions in Iran, highlighting the legacy of the 1988 massacre and calling for accountability and justice<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><em>Four-minute read<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Today, as the threat of foreign bombardment dominates international headlines, the Islamic Republic of Iran is quietly accelerating a different kind of war. Hidden behind the fog of regional conflict, the regime is currently executing political prisoners at a staggering rate. It is a grim, calculated distraction: draw the world\u2019s eyes to the skies, while the true threat to the ruling clerics\u2014the millions of Iranian citizens demanding freedom\u2014is systematically suffocated underground.<\/p>\n<p>To understand this brutal calculus, one must look back thirty-eight years to a summer when the regime wrote its ultimate blueprint for survival. The playbook we see today was drafted in the blood of the <a href=\"https:\/\/iran1988.org\/1988-massacre\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1988 prison massacres<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>The Myth of a Reactionary Purge<\/h2>\n<p>For decades, Tehran has peddled a convenient fiction to justify the massacre of more than 30,000 political prisoners within the space of just a few months during the summer of 1988, the overwhelming majority of whom were members and supporters of the People\u2019s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI\/MEK).<\/p>\n<p>The official narrative claims the executions were a frantic, wartime reaction to a cross-border offensive launched on July 25, 1988, by Iran\u2019s National Liberation Army (NLA), known as Operation Eternal Light.<\/p>\n<p>But the historical chronology <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/iran-1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners\/why-and-when-the-1988-massacre-happened-in-iran\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">demolishes that alibi.<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Today is the 33rd anniversary of July 19, 1988, the start of <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Iran?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Iran<\/a>&#39;s so-called &quot;Death Commissions,&quot; on the order of Khomeini, which carried out the massacre of 30,000 political prisoners in Iran. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/1988Massacre?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#1988Massacre<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/ProsecuteRaisiNOW?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ProsecuteRaisiNOW<\/a> \u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/MorganOrtagus?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@MorganOrtagus<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/ofPJmUS2PA\">pic.twitter.com\/ofPJmUS2PA<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Alireza Jafarzadeh (@A_Jafarzadeh) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/A_Jafarzadeh\/status\/1417181064343302146?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 19, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On July 18, 1988, Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini accepted United Nations Security Council Resolution 598, ending eight catastrophic years of war with Iraq. He famously called the ceasefire \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1988-07-20-mn-6124-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drinking from a poisoned chalice<\/a>.\u201d Within twenty-four hours\u2014a full week before Operation Eternal Light even began\u2014the first political prisoners were already being marched to the gallows inside Evin Prison.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The machinery of death had not been sparked by a sudden border skirmish. It had been meticulously engineered months in advance.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Bureaucracy of Death<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Documents and survivor testimonies reveal a chilling bureaucratic buildup that began in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wncri.org\/2021\/08\/17\/ebrahim-raisi-the-architect-of-the-massacre-of-political-prisoners-must-face-justice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">autumn and winter of 1987<\/a>. Special committees composed of Intelligence Ministry interrogators and prosecutors fanned out across Iran\u2019s carceral geography. They were not conducting standard reviews; they were auditing a hit list.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Every political prisoner was subjected to forced interviews and handed a questionnaire demanding answers to four lethal questions:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Identity:<\/strong> What is your name and charge?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Time:<\/strong> What is the length and remainder of your sentence?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Allegiance:<\/strong> What is your current position toward your organization?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compliance:<\/strong> Will you appear on state television to condemn your group?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Javaid Rehman, <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/JavaidRehman?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@JavaidRehman<\/a>, is an Oxford professor and Special Rapporteur for Iran for the UN. In his report on the massacre of 1988 in Iran, where more than 30,000 people were killed, he stated after a thorough investigation that the massacre in 1988 by the Iranian regime\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/U9ncNabKue\">https:\/\/t.co\/U9ncNabKue<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Dorien Rookmaker (@RookmakerDorien) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/RookmakerDorien\/status\/1831013120904700090?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 3, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Those who refused to capitulate\u2014specifically those who insisted on identifying themselves as members of the Mojahedin rather than using the regime\u2019s mandated slur, <em>Monafeqin<\/em> (hypocrites)\u2014were quietly flagged. These \u201cred lists\u201d compiled in the dead of winter became the execution rosters of the summer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Simultaneously, a massive logistical shuffling of human lives was underway. Hard-core resisters were transferred to high-security wards in Evin. Prisoners whose sentences had legally expired, but who remained incarcerated were shipped to Gohardasht. In smaller provincial towns, where sudden <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/mde13\/9421\/2018\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass disappearances<\/a> would alert tight-knit communities, prisoners were moved to larger cities to sow confusion among their searching families.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">By the spring of 1988, the pretense was dropped. In Evin, interrogators bluntly told female detainees: <em>\u201cThis is our final reckoning with you\u2014either full cooperation or a final determination.\u201d<\/em> In Tabriz, a Sharia judge casually walked into a political ward and promised, <em>\u201cWe will settle all your cases soon.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Fatwas of Distraction<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When Khomeini issued the fatwa that set the <a href=\"https:\/\/english.mojahedin.org\/article\/the-1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners-in-iran-a-crime-against-humanity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1988 prison massacre<\/a> in motion, its intended target was neither vague nor broadly defined. The decree explicitly named the People\u2019s Mojahedin Organisation of Iran (PMOI\/MEK), denouncing its members as \u201cMonafeqin\u201d and ordering that all prisoners across the country who remained \u201csteadfast in their support\u201d for the organisation be treated as enemies of God and \u201ccondemned to execution.\u201d It did not require proof that an individual prisoner had participated in armed combat, collaborated with Iraq, committed a new offence, or even taken part in any activity while imprisoned.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">The day of victory for the Iranian people will arrive. <br \/>On that day, the people\u2019s tribunal will hold the ruling mullahs accountable for their countless crimes. Rest assured, that day will come<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/1988Massacre?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#1988Massacre<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Iran?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Iran<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/GlswpEtZTx\">pic.twitter.com\/GlswpEtZTx<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Maryam Rajavi (@Maryam_Rajavi) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/Maryam_Rajavi\/status\/1688541268681318400?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 7, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Continued loyalty to the PMOI\/MEK was itself made sufficient grounds for execution, including for prisoners who had already been tried and were serving their sentences. The fatwa further established three-member bodies composed of a religious judge, a prosecutor and an Intelligence Ministry representative, instructing them not to \u201chesitate,\u201d show mercy or concern themselves with details, but instead to be \u201cmost ferocious against infidels.\u201d Although the decree invoked \u201cclassical warfare\u201d and alleged collaboration with Iraq\u2019s Baathist government, it made no reference to <a href=\"https:\/\/iran1988.org\/khomeini-decrees-execution-of-steadfast-monafeqin-mojahedin-in-prisons\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Operation Eternal Light<\/a>. As the U.S. State Department confirmed in 2020, the so-called Death Commissions responsible for the enforced disappearance and extrajudicial execution of thousands of political prisoners began their work on 19 July 1988.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Crime Against Humanity, On the Record<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The regime\u2019s internal purge devoured anyone who dared to speak the truth. Grand Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri, Khomeini\u2019s designated successor, wrote anguished letters warning the leadership that they were committing &#8220;the biggest crime in the history of the Islamic Republic.&#8221; For his conscience, Montazeri was stripped of his succession, placed under house arrest, and erased from the regime&#8217;s future.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The message was unambiguous: complicity was the price of political survival. The massacre became the dark glue binding the clerical regime\u2019s factions together.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Iran?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Iran<\/a>\u2019s Regime Can\u2019t Rewrite History on When and Why It Started <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/1988Massacre?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#1988Massacre<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/uULegywTJu\">https:\/\/t.co\/uULegywTJu<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/LSmsmxgCx1\">pic.twitter.com\/LSmsmxgCx1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; NCRI-FAC (@iran_policy) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/iran_policy\/status\/1821637508058243172?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 8, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Today, that dark glue still holds but is fracturing at an unprecedented pace. The men who sat on those Death Commissions have risen to the very summit of the Iranian government, including the current head of the judiciary and the justice minister. Yet, the veil is finally lifting. In his final report as UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Iran, Professor Javaid Rehman formally categorized the 1988 killings as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/countries\/iran\/20240717-SR-Iran-Findings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201catrocity crimes\u201d<\/a> constituting crimes against humanity\u2014specifically murder, extermination, torture, and enforced disappearance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The graves at Khavaran may remain unmarked, but the regime\u2019s true fears are highly visible. When Tehran uses today&#8217;s wartime tensions as a smokescreen to hang dissidents in 2026, it is answering the very questions it tries to suppress. The ruling clerics know that their survival is not threatened by foreign adversaries in the skies above. Their existential dread is rooted deep underground, in the buried truths of 1988, and in the millions of beating hearts demanding justice today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Four-minute read Today, as the threat of foreign bombardment dominates international headlines, the Islamic Republic of Iran is quietly accelerating a different kind of war. Hidden behind the fog of regional conflict, the regime is currently executing political prisoners at a staggering rate. It is a grim, calculated distraction: draw the world&rsquo;s eyes to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":344807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,75,284],"tags":[142,240,276],"class_list":["post-346722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-iran-resistance","category-stop-executions-in-iran","category-iran-1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners","tag-1988-massacre","tag-iran-execution","tag-iran-human-rights"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Iran\u2019s 1988 Massacre Authored a Blueprint for Today\u2019s Shadow War - NCRI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Four-minute read Today, as the threat of foreign bombardment dominates international headlines, the Islamic Republic of Iran is 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