{"id":347848,"date":"2026-09-07T14:46:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T13:46:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/?p=347848"},"modified":"2026-09-07T14:46:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T13:46:58","slug":"international-jurists-warn-irans-execution-wave-is-reviving-the-impunity-of-1988","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/iran-resistance\/international-jurists-warn-irans-execution-wave-is-reviving-the-impunity-of-1988\/","title":{"rendered":"International Jurists Warn Iran\u2019s Execution Wave Is Reviving the Impunity of 1988"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-347855\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/International-Jurists-Warn-Irans-Execution-Wave-Is-Reviving-the-Impunity-of-1988.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/International-Jurists-Warn-Irans-Execution-Wave-Is-Reviving-the-Impunity-of-1988.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/International-Jurists-Warn-Irans-Execution-Wave-Is-Reviving-the-Impunity-of-1988-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/International-Jurists-Warn-Irans-Execution-Wave-Is-Reviving-the-Impunity-of-1988-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/International-Jurists-Warn-Irans-Execution-Wave-Is-Reviving-the-Impunity-of-1988-747x420.jpg 747w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/International-Jurists-Warn-Irans-Execution-Wave-Is-Reviving-the-Impunity-of-1988-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/International-Jurists-Warn-Irans-Execution-Wave-Is-Reviving-the-Impunity-of-1988-696x391.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Distinguished international human rights experts participated in an online conference on accountability in Iran on 4 September 2026, marking the 38th anniversary of <a href=\"https:\/\/iran1988.org\/1988-massacre\/\">the 1988 massacre<\/a>. The conference, organised by Justice for the Victims of the 1988 Massacre in Iran (<a href=\"https:\/\/iran1988.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JVMI<\/a>), brought together former UN officials, international prosecutors, jurists, human-rights experts, victims\u2019 families and representatives of the Iranian Resistance. Under the title <em>Ongoing Crimes Against Humanity: Political Executions in Iran and the Duty to Act<\/em>, participants examined the continuity between the unresolved crimes of the 1988 massacre and Iran\u2019s accelerating political executions today, as well as the steps governments and the United Nations should take ahead of forthcoming deliberations in New York and Geneva. Speakers called for an immediate halt to executions, stronger use of universal jurisdiction, an independent international accountability mechanism, protection of political prisoners, preservation of evidence and greater diplomatic pressure on Tehran. Several warned that decades of impunity had enabled today\u2019s repression, while stressing that military intervention was no substitute for accountability, human rights and an Iranian-led democratic future.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.maryam-rajavi.com\/en\/conference-seeking-justice-for-victims-of-the-1988-massacre\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In a message to the conference<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mrs. Maryam Rajavi<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, President-elect of the National Council of Resistance of Iran, linked the current wave of political executions directly to the unresolved legacy of the 1988 massacre, arguing that impunity had allowed the same mechanism of repression to continue. \u201cThe movement for justice is part of the Iranian people\u2019s movement to overthrow the regime and achieve a democratic revolution,\u201d she said, adding that the UN\u2019s recognition of the 1988 executions was only \u201can important first step,\u201d because \u201cjustice requires binding decisions and much more serious actions.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mrs. Rajavi contrasted the clerical judiciary with the NCRI\u2019s program for a future Iran. \u201cThe death penalty will be abolished,\u201d she said. \u201cThere will be an independent justice system and an independent judiciary, based on international standards, including presumption of innocence, right to public defense and independence of judges.\u201d She added: \u201cThe mullahs\u2019 religious laws will be abolished, and the so-called Revolutionary Courts will be dissolved.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Maryam Rajavi: Message to Conference Seeking Justice for 1988 Massacre in Iran- Sep 4, 2026\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_Ov7oB9MLkc8\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FOv7oB9MLkc8%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ov7oB9MLkc8\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT11M23S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2026-09-05T18:29:46Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_Ov7oB9MLkc8\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FOv7oB9MLkc8%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Maryam Rajavi: Message to Conference Seeking Justice for 1988 Massacre in Iran- Sep 4, 2026<\/div><\/div><button tabindex=\"0\" class=\"play\"><\/button><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Ov7oB9MLkc8\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FOv7oB9MLkc8%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Maryam Rajavi: Message to Conference Seeking Justice for 1988 Massacre in Iran- Sep 4, 2026\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"The online conference \u201cThe 1988 Massacre and Political Executions Today in Iran\u201d was held on September 4, 2026, with the participation of Iranian communities in Sweden, UK, and Norway. The session was convened to examine the issue of justice for the victims of the 1988 massacre of political prisoners and the current state of human rights and political executions in Iran. In a message to this conference, Ms. Maryam Rajavi said: Amid a surge in political executions, we are marking the 38th anniversary of the 1988 massacre of political prisoners in Iran. Today, we are confronted with new crimes in Iran that are being carried out according to the same pattern. After the massacre of the November 2022 uprising, the regime, taking advantage of the wartime conditions and in fear of another uprising, has launched a new wave of executions. To participate in this conference, a number of jurists, UN experts, and human rights defenders were invited, including Gra\u017cyna Baranowska, Claudio Grossman, Geoffrey Robertson, Stephanie Wolfe, Annalisa Ciampi, Stephen Rapp, Richard Goldstone, Leila Nadya Sadat, Joachim R\u00fccker, Tahar Boumedra, Javaid Rehman, Mark Ellis === \u06a9\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u00ab\u0642\u062a\u0644\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f6\u06f7 \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06f4 \u0633\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0648\u0698 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\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u067e\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06af\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633 === La conf\u00e9rence en ligne intitul\u00e9e \u00ab Le massacre de 1988 et les ex\u00e9cutions politiques actuelles en Iran \u00bb s\u2019est tenue le 4 septembre 2026 avec la participation des communaut\u00e9s iraniennes de Su\u00e8de, du Royaume-Uni et de Norv\u00e8ge. Cette rencontre avait pour objectif d\u2019examiner la question de la justice pour les victimes du massacre de prisonniers politiques de 1988, ainsi que la situation actuelle des droits de l\u2019homme et des ex\u00e9cutions politiques en Iran. Dans un message adress\u00e9 \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence, Mme Maryam Rajavi a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab Alors que les ex\u00e9cutions politiques se multiplient, nous comm\u00e9morons le trente-huiti\u00e8me anniversaire du massacre des prisonniers politiques de 1988 en Iran. \u00bb Aujourd\u2019hui, nous sommes confront\u00e9s \u00e0 de nouveaux crimes en Iran, perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s selon le m\u00eame sch\u00e9ma. Apr\u00e8s le massacre qui a suivi le soul\u00e8vement de novembre 2022, le r\u00e9gime, profitant des conditions de guerre et craignant un nouveau soul\u00e8vement, a lanc\u00e9 une nouvelle vague d\u2019ex\u00e9cutions. Pour participer \u00e0 cette conf\u00e9rence, plusieurs juristes, experts des Nations unies et d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l\u2019homme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9s, notamment Gra\u017cyna Baranowska, Claudio Grossman, Jeffrey Robertson, Stephanie Wolf, Analiza Ciampi, Steven Rapp, Richard Goldstone, Leila Nadya Sadat, Joachim R\u00f6ker, Taher Bomdra, Javed Rehman et Mark Ellis === \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a 4 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2026 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0633\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">She then set out concrete demands for international action: \u201cFirst, create an international mechanism to bring those responsible for the 1988 massacre to justice. Second, use universal jurisdiction to prosecute those responsible for this massacre.\u201d Mrs. Rajavi further urged governments to \u201cmake their trade and diplomatic relations with the regime dependent on an immediate end to the executions and the release of all political prisoners,\u201d and insisted that \u201cevery international agreement with this regime includes a binding and verifiable end to executions.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cHonoring the victims is also a tribute to the determination of a people who have been covered in blood many times, but who have never given up their struggle for freedom. They will certainly achieve freedom,\u201d the NCRI President-elect stressed.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dr. Hanifeh Khayyeri<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, an international policy expert who moderated the conference, framed the proceedings around what she described as a direct continuum between the mass killing of political prisoners in 1988 and the current wave of executions. She said the gathering was taking place at a moment of \u201cexceptional urgency,\u201d with political charges resembling those used against <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/1988-massacre-of-political-prisoners-in-iran\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prisoners in 1988<\/a> again being deployed against defendants today. The central question, she said, was what the international community should do when executions are again being used \u201cas political weapon\u201d and crimes left uninvestigated are recurring. Closing the conference after nearly two hours of testimony and legal analysis, Dr. Khayyeri said the proceedings had established that present executions represent \u201ca systematic pattern of political elimination rooted in decades of impunity.\u201d She urged independent investigations, accountability for atrocity crimes and immediate protection of prisoners facing execution, concluding: \u201cHuman rights cannot be secondary to diplomacy.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Professor Claudio Grossman<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, a member of the UN International Law Commission and former chair of the UN Committee against Torture, closed the substantive interventions by stressing both individual criminal liability and the broader responsibility of the Iranian state. He said Iranians had been subjected to conduct corresponding to many of the crimes contained in the Rome Statute, including torture, enforced disappearance and widespread violations of due-process guarantees, and noted that important prohibitions also arise under customary international law. Expressions of solidarity mattered, Prof. Grossman said, because prisoners themselves draw strength from knowing that others recognize what is being done to them as criminal. But solidarity, he added, must lead to action. He urged creative use of civil and criminal responsibility against perpetrators and support for Iranians seeking to rebuild democracy, while emphasizing that primary responsibility for that future belongs to the Iranian people themselves. \u201cSolidarity means support,\u201d he said, describing accountability as part of preparing for a democratic future rather than merely revisiting the past.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\u201cOngoing Crimes Against Humanity: Political Executions in Iran and the Duty to Act\u201d<\/p>\n<p>JVMI helped organise an online panel today with distinguished UN experts and Iran&#39;s democratic opposition to draw global attention to the wave of political executions mirroring the <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/1988Massacre?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#1988Massacre<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/rZdVrJitG4\">pic.twitter.com\/rZdVrJitG4<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Justice for the Victims of 1988 Massacre in Iran (@jvmifoundation) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/jvmifoundation\/status\/2095924585497559262?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 4, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dr. Gra\u017cyna Baranowska<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, a member of the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, focused on victims whose fate and burial places remain unknown. She explained that enforced disappearance is not merely a historical event but a continuing violation that persists until the fate and whereabouts of the disappeared person are established. That legal characteristic, she said, remains particularly important for families of victims <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/countries\/iran\/20240717-SR-Iran-Findings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">from the 1980s<\/a> and can assist accountability efforts today. Dr. Baranowska said the Working Group had 617 outstanding Iranian cases and had repeatedly pressed the authorities to locate, protect and preserve mass and unmarked graves, conduct investigations and carry out exhumations according to international standards. She also emphasized contemporary disappearances involving protesters and religious and ethnic minorities, noting that even detention concealed for a few days or weeks can constitute enforced disappearance. Families themselves, she said, remain victims and possess rights to truth, reparations and memorialization alongside the state\u2019s continuing duty to investigate and prosecute perpetrators.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Leopoldo Maldonado Gutierrez<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, the UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of freedom of opinion and expression, connected Iran\u2019s experience to his own work on impunity in Mexico. Having only recently assumed the mandate, he said his experience had shown that protecting perpetrators creates incentives for further atrocities. In Iran, he argued, dissent was being treated as a threat to be eliminated rather than a legitimate exercise of fundamental rights. The danger extended beyond individual victims: when people risk imprisonment, torture or execution for protesting, criticizing authorities or reporting information, the intended audience is society as a whole. Maldonado also highlighted internet shutdowns as part of the repressive architecture, saying they silence people domestically while obscuring abuses from the outside world. \u201cPeaceful expression, political opposition, and participation must never be punished with death,\u201d he said. Breaking the cycle, he concluded, requires investigation of past crimes, prosecution of those responsible and preventing current abuses from becoming another chapter of impunity.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dr. Mark Ellis<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, Executive Director of the International Bar Association, described the escalating use of the death penalty as part of a sustained campaign of political repression rather than a series of isolated abuses. He argued that Tehran was invoking the logic of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/mde13\/9421\/2018\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the 1988 massacre<\/a> as a model for eliminating current opponents while simultaneously attempting to erase evidence of earlier crimes. Dr. Ellis focused particularly on universal jurisdiction, under which national courts can prosecute certain international crimes irrespective of where they were committed or the nationality of the perpetrator or victim. He cited the prosecution of Hamid Noury in Sweden as an important demonstration of the principle, although he criticized Noury\u2019s subsequent release in a prisoner exchange. Addressing Iranians seeking accountability, Dr. Ellis said lawyers and human-rights advocates had an obligation to amplify silenced voices. \u201cThe world is indeed watching, the evidence is being preserved, and the perpetrators of these crimes will be held accountable,\u201d he said.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Ongoing Crimes Against Humanity: Political Executions in Iran and the Duty to Act\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_GxkY8PAmg5U\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FGxkY8PAmg5U%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GxkY8PAmg5U\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT1H48M7S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2026-09-06T22:02:21Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_GxkY8PAmg5U\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FGxkY8PAmg5U%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Ongoing Crimes Against Humanity: Political Executions in Iran and the Duty to Act<\/div><\/div><button tabindex=\"0\" class=\"play\"><\/button><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GxkY8PAmg5U\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FGxkY8PAmg5U%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Ongoing Crimes Against Humanity: Political Executions in Iran and the Duty to Act\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Distinguished international human rights experts participated in an online conference on accountability in Iran on 4 September 2026, marking the 38th anniversary of the 1988 massacre in Iran. The conference was organised by Justice for the Victims of the 1988 Massacre in Iran (JVMI). Speakers: Hanifeh Khayyeri, Moderator Dr Mark Ellis Executive Director, International Bar Association Mrs Maryam Rajavi President-elect, National Council of Resistance of Iran Ambassador Stephen Rapp Former US Ambassador-at-Large for Criminal Justice Professor Javaid Rehman Former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran Dr Gra\u017cyna Baranowska Member, UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances Video clip: Recent political executions in Iran Ambassador Joachim R\u00fccker Former President, UN Human Rights Council Justice Richard Goldstone Former Chief Prosecutor, ICTY and ICTR Video clip: Final recorded messages of political prisoners prior to their execution Elham Sajedian Testimony of the daughter of a political prisoner publicly executed in Iran Professor Annalisa Ciampi Former UN Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association Professor Leila Sadat Former Special Adviser on Crimes Against Humanity to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court Dr Stephanie Wolfe President, International Association of Genocide Scholars Geoffrey Robertson KC Founding President, UN Special Court for Sierra Leone Leopoldo Maldonado Guti\u00e9rrez UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression Professor Claudio Grossman Special Rapporteur, UN International Law Commission Closing remarks by the moderator Observers included representatives of Permanent Missions to the United Nations in Geneva and New York, staff of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), members of the UN Special Procedures, international human rights and legal experts, NGO representatives, and members of Iranian communities across Europe. Justice for the Victims of the 1988 Massacre in Iran (JVMI) works to promote truth, justice and accountability for the mass execution and enforced disappearance of thousands of political prisoners in Iran in 1988, and for ongoing crimes against humanity committed against political opponents in Iran today.\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ambassador Stephen Rapp<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, former U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for Global Criminal Justice and a former prosecutor at the Special Court for Sierra Leone, argued that the present \u201cepidemic of executions\u201d was the predictable consequence of allowing the 1988 massacre to go unpunished. When governments permit perpetrators of mass atrocities to escape responsibility, he said, repression becomes repeatable whenever a regime feels threatened. Amb. Rapp pointed to the <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2026\/01\/1166705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">January 2026 protests<\/a>, mass arrests and the continuing risk of execution facing detainees. He also warned that foreign military intervention had diverted attention from Tehran\u2019s own abuses and enabled the authorities to portray domestic opponents as agents of foreign powers. \u201cI don\u2019t think the military intervention helps them\u2026 toward the democratic future that we all dream of,\u201d he said. Drawing on prosecutions involving Bosnia and Syria, Amb. Rapp argued that even delayed justice can change political calculations. Accountability, he said, must become an \u201cabsolute condition\u201d for normal relations, backed by documentation, universal-jurisdiction cases and sustained diplomatic pressure.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Professor Javaid Rehman<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Iran from 2018 to 2024, said warnings contained in his final UN report were now materializing. That report documented systematic executions, torture and enforced disappearances from 1979 through 1988 and concluded that crimes against humanity and genocide had been committed. Dr. Rehman said the continuing validity of Khomeini\u2019s fatwa and the renewed use of charges such as <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">moharebeh<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> and <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">baghi<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> demonstrated a direct ideological connection between 1988 and today. Following the January 2026 nationwide protests, he said, politically motivated executions and death sentences had targeted PMOI supporters and members of the Resistance Units. \u201cIndividuals are being sentenced to death and executed not because of any criminal conduct,\u201d he said, but because of political beliefs and organizational affiliations. Dr. Rehman urged sponsors of the forthcoming UN General Assembly Third Committee resolution to explicitly endorse an international accountability mechanism and called on states to expand universal-jurisdiction proceedings.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ambassador Joachim R\u00fccker<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, former President of the UN Human Rights Council and former German Permanent Representative to the UN in Geneva, called for an immediate halt to all political executions to become an \u201curgent and explicit demand\u201d of governments and UN institutions. He described a pattern in which loosely defined capital offenses convert political association, protest and alleged opposition links into crimes punishable by death. Amb. R\u00fccker also drew a parallel between 1988 and the current period: in both cases, he said, authorities turned inward once an external military threat receded and used the aftermath of conflict to intensify domestic repression. He called for a strong 2026 UN resolution addressing the risk of renewed mass killing, referral of Iran\u2019s human-rights record to the Security Council, creation of an independent accountability mechanism, stronger mandates for UN investigative bodies, access for UN monitors to prisons and expanded universal-jurisdiction prosecutions. Any agreement with Tehran that ignored human rights and executions, Amb. R\u00fccker warned, would be \u201ca big mistake.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">International Experts Address Accountability for <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/Iran?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Iran<\/a>\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/1988Massacre?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#1988Massacre<\/a> and Ongoing Political Executions <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/StopExecutionsInIran?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StopExecutionsInIran<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/NoImpunity4Mullahs?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#NoImpunity4Mullahs<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/WyU0PyF5AA\">https:\/\/t.co\/WyU0PyF5AA<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Iran Freedom (@4FreedominIran) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/4FreedominIran\/status\/2096890166627488063?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 7, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Richard Goldstone<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, former Justice of South Africa\u2019s Constitutional Court and former Chief Prosecutor of the UN tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, invoked his own experience prosecuting leaders who once regarded international justice with contempt. He recalled the indictments of Radovan Karad\u017ei\u0107 and Ratko Mladi\u0107 and noted that leaders who believed themselves untouchable were ultimately brought before international courts. For Iran\u2019s victims, Goldstone said, recognition, accountability and justice were not abstract principles but rights. He strongly supported appeals for action by the UN Security Council and General Assembly and emphasized that the obstacle was fundamentally political. \u201cIf the politicians don\u2019t do anything, nothing happens,\u201d he said, while stressing civil society\u2019s ability to compel them to act. Recalling the Rwanda tribunal and continuing investigations into apartheid-era crimes in South Africa, Goldstone argued that the passage of time need not extinguish accountability. The essential task, he said, was to maintain sustained pressure \u201cfor the victims.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Professor Annalisa Ciampi<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, former UN Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association, examined a less conventional component of accountability: the role of technology companies in preserving evidence. She cited the case of two journalists whose <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/video\/2026\/01\/12\/iran-protests-images-show-bodies-outside-of-morgue_6749334_4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">videos from a Tehran<\/a> hospital and a Mashhad morgue during the January 2026 repression were removed by Meta despite warnings that the content was disturbing. Following appeals and a decision by Meta\u2019s Oversight Board, the videos were restored and the company was urged to revise content-moderation policies involving human-rights abuses and armed conflict. Pr. Ciampi said the episode illustrated \u201chow difficult it is to make accountability happen,\u201d particularly when investigators are attempting to document abuses in an environment where information is deliberately restricted. Governments and international institutions remained principal actors, she said, but civil society, academics, independent experts and private platforms also hold evidence that may later prove decisive. Internet shutdowns and state-organized information blackouts in Iran, she argued, make preservation of such material especially important.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Message to the Conference Seeking Justice for Victims of the 1988 Massacre in Iran<\/p>\n<p>The movement seeking justice for the victims of the <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/1988Massacre?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#1988Massacre<\/a> in Iran is an integral part of the Iranian people\u2019s struggle to overthrow the clerical regime.<\/p>\n<p>At a time of increasing political\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/FiZgqwzMaz\">pic.twitter.com\/FiZgqwzMaz<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Maryam Rajavi (@Maryam_Rajavi) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/Maryam_Rajavi\/status\/2095917881108070886?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 4, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Professor Leila Nadya Sadat<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, former Special Adviser on Crimes Against Humanity to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, said the 1988 massacre fell squarely within the legal concept of crimes against humanity: widespread or systematic attacks against civilians pursuant to state or organizational policy. She stressed that such crimes carry no statute of limitations and that identified perpetrators can potentially be prosecuted in national courts under universal or other jurisdictional bases. Prof. Sadat argued that torture, disappearances, gender and political persecution, extrajudicial killing and abusive use of the death penalty today were being sustained by the absence of accountability for earlier crimes. She also criticized Tehran\u2019s positions during negotiations over a new international convention on crimes against humanity, saying Iranian representatives had sought to narrow legal obligations and universal-jurisdiction provisions. \u201cArmed force will not be the remedy,\u201d Prof. Sadat said, but international justice might be. She endorsed an independent accountability mechanism, strengthened fact-finding and sustained diplomatic condemnation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dr. Stephanie Wolfe<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, First Vice President of the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) Executive Board, concentrated on the relationship between impunity, mass graves and collective memory. She characterized the current executions as politically motivated killings intended to crush a population demanding freedom and argued that the same legal concepts used against <a href=\"https:\/\/rsf.org\/en\/iranian-official-accused-1988-massacres-political-prisoners-including-journalists-goes-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prisoners in 1988<\/a> were again being deployed against protesters. International silence in 1988, she said, effectively told perpetrators that they could \u201cget away with murder.\u201d Dr. Wolfe called for universal jurisdiction, independent international investigations and a complete halt to executions as a condition of diplomatic and commercial relations. She also described what she called a systematic campaign to erase physical traces of the massacre through destruction of grave sites, concrete construction and restrictions on grieving families. Yet those efforts had failed to erase memory, she argued. \u201cThe regime can pour concrete, but they cannot pave over a mother\u2019s memory,\u201d Dr. Wolfe said, concluding: \u201cMemory is stronger than concrete. Memory is the ultimate resistance.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Throughout the past thirty-eight years in Iran, the regime has maintained the pattern of the <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hashtag\/1988Massacre?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#1988Massacre<\/a>.<br \/>Every time, it brutally suppresses the people\u2019s resistance and uprisings.<br \/>Despite all this, the resistance to change the regime continues. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/tmNVuO2hBm\">pic.twitter.com\/tmNVuO2hBm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Maryam Rajavi (@Maryam_Rajavi) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/Maryam_Rajavi\/status\/2096868031649415372?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 7, 2026<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Geoffrey Robertson<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, KC, founding head of Doughty Street Chambers and the first President of the UN Special Court for Sierra Leone, revisited his investigation into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/tehranbureau\/2011\/08\/the-bloody-red-summer-of-1988-grave-crimes-against-humanity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the 1988 prison massacre<\/a>, for which he interviewed survivors and reviewed contemporaneous Iranian material. Robertson described the Death Commissions, summary questioning of prisoners over PMOI affiliation, mass hangings and secret burials without trial or appeal. He argued that the failure to impose meaningful consequences had produced \u201cutter impunity,\u201d later reflected in renewed mass repression. Robertson also sharply criticized the Revolutionary Guards\u2019 role in suppressing recent protests and said foreign military intervention had done nothing to protect demonstrators. He argued that governments committed to humanitarian values should sever diplomatic relations with Tehran. Robertson also proposed an international tribunal capable of trying to identify perpetrators of the 1988 massacre in absentia. Such proceedings, he said, could create an authoritative judicial record of the crimes and prevent future denial, much as landmark international trials have established durable historical records of other atrocities.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Elham Sajedian<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, an NCRI supporter,<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">brought the consequences of political execution into personal focus. She recounted that her father, Mohammad Sajadian, an engineer with Iran\u2019s national drilling company, had been tortured by SAVAK under the Shah before 1979 and later supported the democratic opposition to the clerical regime. He was arrested by IRGC intelligence shortly before her birth and publicly executed in Shiraz on February 22, 1985, because of his political views and links to the PMOI, she said. Only 15 days separated his arrest and execution, and the family was initially denied his body and prohibited from placing his name on his grave. \u201cImagine a country where even receiving the body of your loved ones is considered luck,\u201d Sajedian said. She also described witnessing the 2019 uprising in Shiraz and continued harassment of her family by the Revolutionary Guards. Her appeal to the UN and governments was direct: act before present-day protesters and political prisoners suffer the same fate.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Distinguished international human rights experts participated in an online conference on accountability in Iran on 4 September 2026, marking the 38th anniversary of the 1988 massacre. The conference, organised by Justice for the Victims of the 1988 Massacre in Iran (JVMI), brought together former UN officials, international prosecutors, jurists, human-rights experts, victims&rsquo; families and representatives [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":347855,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,60],"tags":[204,222],"class_list":["post-347848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-iran-resistance","category-maryam-rajavi","tag-maryam-rajavi","tag-iranian-resistance"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>International Jurists Warn Iran\u2019s Execution Wave Is Reviving the Impunity of 1988 - NCRI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Distinguished international human rights experts 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