{"id":349252,"date":"2026-11-10T13:04:19","date_gmt":"2026-11-10T12:04:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/?p=349252"},"modified":"2026-11-10T13:04:19","modified_gmt":"2026-11-10T12:04:19","slug":"tehrans-attacks-demand-more-than-condemnation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/iran-a-world\/tehrans-attacks-demand-more-than-condemnation\/","title":{"rendered":"Tehran\u2019s Attacks Demand More Than Condemnation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-257382 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Iran-Cyber-Army-final-jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"Iran-Cyber-Army-final-jpeg\" width=\"1000\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Iran-Cyber-Army-final-jpeg.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Iran-Cyber-Army-final-jpeg-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Iran-Cyber-Army-final-jpeg-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Iran-Cyber-Army-final-jpeg-150x80.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Iran-Cyber-Army-final-jpeg-696x370.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">France\u2019s attribution of a devastating cyberattack to Iran\u2019s Revolutionary Guards has revived questions about Tehran\u2019s long record of clandestine operations in Europe\u2014and whether diplomatic protests and sanctions are enough to stop them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On the night of October 11, hundreds of supermarket refrigeration systems across France suddenly began heating up. By morning, enormous quantities of food had been ruined, equipment damaged and fires triggered. What initially appeared to be a major technical failure was, according to French investigators, a deliberate act of sabotage carried out by Iran\u2019s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/demonization-articles-analyses\/irans-cyber-army-a-force-of-disinformation-for-a-cursed-cause\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IRGC<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On November 9, France formally attributed the cyberattacks to the IRGC\u2019s Shahid Kaveh cyber unit, describing them as the country&#8217;s first large-scale cyber offensive conducted purely for sabotage on French territory.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The attacks targeted refrigeration controllers at more than 700 retail sites, causing at least 15 fires and food losses estimated at tens of millions of euros. French cybersecurity authorities also identified attacks on equipment at small hydroelectric installations, although the damage there was limited.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The findings were based on an investigation involving France\u2019s intelligence services, national cybersecurity agency and military cyber command. Investigators identified digital infrastructure, tools and other technical indicators associated with Shahid Kaveh, which they described as a continuing threat to critical infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">French Foreign Minister Jean-No\u00ebl Barrot called the operation unprecedented in its scale and aggression. France summoned Iran\u2019s ambassador on November 10, announced plans to seek European sanctions against those responsible and warned that further measures, including undisclosed responses, remained possible.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">European reaction followed quickly. EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas said the bloc&#8217;s response to the attributed cyberattacks should be strong and indicated that the matter could be discussed by EU foreign ministers on November 16. Germany also condemned the Iranian attacks identified by France and expressed solidarity with Paris.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">A familiar threat in a different form<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The latest attacks were not Iran\u2019s first cyber operations against French interests.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In March 2026, the European Union sanctioned the Iranian company Emennet Pasargad for cyber operations and information manipulation campaigns. French authorities linked the company to an attack on the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in 2023 and interference involving digital advertising infrastructure during the 2024 Paris Olympics.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">#Iran Cyber Army: A Force of Disinformation for a Cursed Cause https:\/\/t.co\/S3LusEN4HB<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 NCRI-FAC (@iran_policy) <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/iran_policy\/status\/1509839361793220609?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 1, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.x.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The EU also identified the company&#8217;s involvement in compromising a Swedish messaging service. These operations demonstrated that Iran-linked cyber activity had already extended across national borders and into civilian communications and public information systems.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But France&#8217;s latest experience raises a more troubling question. Why, after years of documented Iranian intelligence operations, attempted assassinations and cyberattacks, does Europe continue to confront new forms of the same threat?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The answer requires looking beyond computer networks.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Villepinte: When an Iranian diplomat carried a terrorist plot into Europe<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On June 30, 2018, thousands of supporters of the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) gathered in Villepinte, outside Paris, for the Iranian Resistance\u2019s annual international convention. Among the participants were prominent political figures from Europe and the United States.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The gathering was the intended target of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/diplomatic-terrorism-anatomy-of-irans-state-terror\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bombing plot<\/a> that European security services intercepted before the explosives could reach the venue.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At the centre of the operation was Assadollah Assadi, an Iranian diplomat based at Tehran\u2019s embassy in Vienna.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Belgian court convicted Assadi of attempted terrorist murder in February 2021 and sentenced him to 20 years in prison. Three accomplices were also convicted. The investigation established his role in organising the plot against the Iranian opposition gathering.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">France had already responded in October 2018 by freezing the assets of Assadi, another Iranian official, and the internal security directorate of Iran\u2019s Ministry of Intelligence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The affair exposed the potential dangers of diplomatic cover when exploited by intelligence operatives. It also demonstrated that the threat was not confined to Iranian dissidents: a bomb detonated inside a crowded international convention could have killed or injured European and American participants.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yet Assadi was eventually released in May 2023 as part of a prisoner exchange between Belgium and Iran, despite his conviction.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"International Outrage Over Potential Release of Iran&rsquo;s Terrorist\" style=\"width:853px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_ht7iAVxW-ew\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fht7iAVxW-ew%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ht7iAVxW-ew\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT9M21S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2022-08-26T15:47:50Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_ht7iAVxW-ew\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fht7iAVxW-ew%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">International Outrage Over Potential Release of Iran\u2019s Terrorist<\/div><\/div><button tabindex=\"0\" class=\"play\"><\/button><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ht7iAVxW-ew\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fht7iAVxW-ew%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"International Outrage Over Potential Release of Iran&rsquo;s Terrorist\" width=\"853\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Read More: https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IranNCR\/ https:\/\/twitter.com\/iran_policy Subscribe to NCRI weekly newsletter: https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4jtprrtp\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:853px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Villepinte plot was neither an isolated episode nor the beginning of Iranian operations on European soil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1997, a German court concluded that the 1992 assassination of four Kurdish opposition figures at Berlin\u2019s Mykonos restaurant had been ordered by senior Iranian officials. The ruling triggered a major diplomatic confrontation between Tehran and European governments.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In October 2018, Danish intelligence authorities accused an Iranian intelligence service of planning the assassination of an Iranian Arab opposition figure in Denmark.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">European warnings have multiplied<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The threat has continued into the present decade. In October 2025, MI5 Director General Ken McCallum disclosed that British security services had tracked more than 20 potentially lethal Iran-backed plots during the preceding year alone. He warned that Iranian state actors were increasingly using criminal intermediaries to pursue targets abroad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">By June 2026, concern had become a collective international issue. In a joint statement, 24 countries, including France, Germany, Britain, Belgium and the United States, condemned lethal plotting and other hostile activities attributed to the IRGC\u2019s intelligence organisation, its Quds Force and Iran\u2019s Ministry of Intelligence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One European country has already taken a step beyond sanctions and diplomatic protests. In September 2022, Albania severed diplomatic relations with Iran and ordered Iranian embassy personnel to leave the country within 24 hours.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The decision followed a major cyberattack on Albania\u2019s government infrastructure that Tirana attributed to Tehran. Prime Minister Edi Rama said the operation had threatened public services, government records and national security. The United States supported Albania\u2019s attribution, and NATO subsequently condemned the attack.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The limits of condemnation<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The French government&#8217;s latest findings pose a challenge that European capitals can no longer treat simply as another diplomatic dispute.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The threats now encompass attempted bombings, plots against political dissidents, intimidation of journalists and cyber operations capable of damaging civilian infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">European governments have responded with arrests, prosecutions, expulsions, asset freezes and sanctions. Yet the succession of incidents suggests that these measures have not been sufficient to prevent further operations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Diplomatic relations provide channels for consular assistance, crisis management and negotiations. Nevertheless, the Assadi case demonstrated that diplomatic status can be exploited to facilitate a terrorist operation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A decisive European response must begin with closing the Iranian regime\u2019s embassies and identifying and expelling its intelligence operatives. European governments must also prevent those operatives from returning under alternative identities or official appointments. Diplomatic privileges must not provide cover for terrorism and sabotage: institutions that facilitate such operations should be shut down, not sheltered by the conventions they abuse.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Eight years after the Villepinte bombing plot, the threat identified by European investigators has taken a different form. This time, no explosives were needed to cause fires and millions of euros in damage. Access to poorly protected industrial systems was enough.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The methods have changed. Europe&#8217;s challenge is to ensure that its response changes with them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>France&rsquo;s attribution of a devastating cyberattack to Iran&rsquo;s Revolutionary Guards has revived questions about Tehran&rsquo;s long record of clandestine operations in Europe&mdash;and whether diplomatic protests and sanctions are enough to stop them. On the night of October 11, hundreds of supermarket refrigeration systems across France suddenly began heating up. By morning, enormous quantities of food [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":257382,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,83],"tags":[287],"class_list":["post-349252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-iran-a-world","category-stop-iran-regime-terrorism","tag-iran-terrorism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tehran\u2019s Attacks Demand More Than Condemnation - NCRI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"France\u2019s attribution of a devastating cyberattack to Iran\u2019s Revolutionary Guards has revived questions about Tehran\u2019s long record of clandestine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncr-iran.org\/en\/news\/iran-a-world\/tehrans-attacks-demand-more-than-condemnation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tehran\u2019s Attacks Demand More Than Condemnation - 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